بررسی اثر قارچ مایکوریزا، ورمی‌کمپوست و هیومیک اسید بر ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی گیاه ماریتیغال (Silybum marianum)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 9، دوره 14، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 53، مهر 1401، صفحه 531-548   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.68348.1012

نویسندگان

فروزان نیکخواه نایینی¹؛ علی رضا لادن مقدم^{* 2}؛ پژمان مرادی³؛ وحید عبدوسی⁴؛ مهدی رضایی⁵

¹گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

²گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران.

³گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد ساوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساوه، ایران

⁴گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

⁵گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، ایران

چکیده

ماریتیغال (Silybum marianum) از گیاهان دارویی مطرح در زراعت اکثر کشورهای توسعه یافته است. این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر کودهای آلی و زیستی که شامل هیومیک اسید، ورمی­کمپوست و دو گونه قارچ مایکوریزا بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و مورفولوژیکی گیاه ماریتیغال پرداخته است. این پژوهش به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل با طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1398 در شهر گرگان اجرا شد. تیمارهای این آزمایش شامل چهار سطح کود ورمی­کمپوست (صفر، ۲۵، 50 و 75 درصد)، چهار سطح کود هیومیک اسید (صفر، 25، 50 و 75 میلی­گرم در لیتر) و دو گونه قارچ مایکوریزا (Glomus mosseae و Glomus intraradices) است. صفات عملکرد، وزن هزاردانه، سطح برگ، تعداد کاپیتول، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل، کارتنوئید، قند محلول و پروتئین در گیاه اندازه­گیری شد. بیشترین عملکرد ماریتیغال با کاربرد قارچ Glomus mosseae، 50 درصد ورمی­کمپوست و بدون مصرف هیومیک اسید برابر با 2296 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از هیومیک اسید دارای اثرات مثبت بر روی تمام ویژگی­های گیاه مورد مطالعه است. بیشترین مقدار پروتئین (65/3 میلی­گرم در وزن تر) در تیمار مربوط به سطح سوم هیومیک اسید و قارچ Glomus intraradices و کمترین پروتئین (92/0 میلی­گرم در وزن ­تر) در شاهد به‌دست آمد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از کودهای آلی و زیستی می­تواند سبب بهبود وضعیت گیاه ماریتیغال شود و با استفاده از این ترکیبات می­توان مصرف کودهای شیمیایی را کاهش داد تا از اثرات نامطلوب این کودها بر سلامت انسان و محیط زیست جلوگیری شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

خارمریم؛ کاپیتول؛ کاروتنوئید؛ کلروفیل a

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