اثر کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر شاخص سطح برگ و عملکرد برنج (Oryza sativa L.) در شرایط آبیاری متفاوت

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 8، دوره 15، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 55، فروردین 1402، صفحه 139-152   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.70032.1041

نویسندگان

اردلان بالابندیان¹؛ مجید عاشوری^{* 1}؛ حمید رضا دورودیان¹؛ سید مصطفی صادقی¹؛ مجتبی رضایی²

¹گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران.

²مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

با توجه به شرایط ایران از نظر منابع آبی و مصرف بالای کود شیمیایی نیتروژنی، استفاده از آب کمتر در زراعت برنج (Oryza sativa L.) و کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی نقش بسیار مهمی در صرفه­جویی و هدررفت آب خواهد داشت. آزمایشی در مزرعه آزمایشی مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور (رشت) طی دو سال 1396 و 1397 به‌صورت کرت­های دوبار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک­های­ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گرفت. بر این اساس، فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل مدیریت آب در سه سطح غرقاب و فواصل آبیاری 10 و 15 روز یک بار به‌عنوان عامل اصلی، کود در سه سطح شامل تلقیح ریشه نشاء با کود زیستی، تلقیح ریشه نشاء با کود زیستی نیتروکسین + 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن مورد نیاز گیاه (تیمار ترکیبی کود) و 100 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن مورد نیاز گیاه) به­عنوان عامل فرعی و رقم برنج در دو سطح شامل هاشمی و گیلانه به­عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی بودند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که شاخص سطح برگ در تیمار 100 درصد کود نیتروژنی، رقم گیلانه و آبیاری غرقاب بیش­ترین مقدار معادل 52/4 در سال اول و 79/4 در سال دوم را نشان داد و تیمار ترکیبی کود و تیمار 100 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن به­ترتیب با 77/2 تن بر هکتار و 82/2 تن بر هکتار عملکرد در ارقام برنج تفاوت معنی­داری در سطح پنج درصد نداشتند. تیمار غرقاب نسبت به دور آبیاری 10 و 15 روز به‌ترتیب 23 و 38 درصد عملکرد دانه بیشتری را سبب گردید. کاربرد ترکیبی کود زیستی و کود شیمیایی نیتروژن علاوه‌بر تولید عملکرد مناسب (77/2 تن بر هکتار) و بهبود کارآیی مصرف آب (7/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب)، مصرف کود شیمیایی نیتروژن را به‌میزان 50 درصد کاهش داد. با افزایش دور آبیاری تیمارهای تلقیح ریشه نشاء با کود زیستی + 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن مورد نیاز گیاه معادل 7/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب و مصرف 100 درصد کود نیتروژنی مورد نیاز گیاه معادل 74/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب کارآیی مصرف آب را افزایش دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رقم گیلانه؛ شالیزار؛ مدیریت آبیاری

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