The Criteria for the Acceptance of Ḥadīths in Vaḥīd Bihbahānī’s Viewpoint

فقه و اصول (Fiqh va uṣūl)

Article 5, Volume 55, Issue 4 - Serial Number 135, March 2024, Pages 131-161   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/jfiqh.2021.70477.1107

Authors

Hamed Mostafavifard^{* 1}; Mahdi Ebadi²

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran

²Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran

Abstract

The victory of the School of Ijtihād over the Akhbārīs school is above all influenced by the scholarly power, eloquence, and mentorship of Vaḥīd Bihbahānī.  The type of Ijtihād formulated by him was never a continuation of Muḥaqiq Ardibīlī’s thought pattern, but rather accompanied by developments in the acceptance of repots. In facing the Akhbārīs, he acknowledged Ijtihād as an offspring of the needs of the scholarly community, putting emphasis on the credibility of Imāmī books instead of the apparent reliability of narrational sources. The main question of this research is to recognize Vaḥīd Bihbahānī ‘s main criteria in dealing with Ḥadīth, and to investigate how he formulated his approach. The theory of Blocking (ʾInsidād) was his most important tool in expanding the scope of accepting reports. Based on this theory, he would justify the authority of reliable, good, and strong reports as well as that of authentic news. Similarly, he would even consider suspicion enough to prove the reliability of the narrator. Later experts did not approve of this theory. Another important tool employed by Vaḥīd Bihbahānī in expanding the scope of accepting narrations was to compensate for the weakness of the document through the actions of Aṣḥāb (companions). Therefore, by proposing the theory of ʾInibār, he considered only weak non-compelled reports as invalid among the four categories of Ḥadīth (authentic, good, reliable, and weak).

Keywords

Vaḥīd Bihbahānī; Credibility of a single reports; reasons of blocking; Theory of ʾInibār; school of Ijtihād; Akhbārīsm

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