اثر بسترهای مختلف بر ویژگی‌های خاک و صفات فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان ختمی (Aleca rosea L.) تحت تنش خشکی

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 2، دوره 38، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 62، تیر 1403، صفحه 263-279   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2021.71383.1073

نویسندگان

تکتم اورعی¹؛ محمود شور^{* 2}؛ علی تهرانی فر²؛ سید حسین نعمتی¹؛ عطیه اورعی¹

¹گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

کاربرد مواد آلی به‌عنوان یک استراتژی مناسب به‌منظور کاهش تخریب خاک در آب‌وهوای خشک و نیمه‌ خشک ارائه شده است. به‌منظور بررسی اثر آبیاری و بسترهای کشت بر رشد دو اکوتیپ ختمی زینتی، آزمایشی در شرایط مزرعه تعریف شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل دو اکوتیپ (̓مشهد̒ و ̓تهران̒)، سه سطح رطوبتی (80، 60 و 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و چهار بستر کشت (خاک، خاک + کود حیوانی، خاک + شلتوک برنج، خاک + کاه و کلش گندم) بودند. عناصر ماکرو (نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم)، هدایت الکتریکی، pH خاک و صفات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه (نشت الکترولیت، محتوای نسبی آب، پرولین، کربوهیدرات) و وزن خشک اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اثرات سه‌گانه اکوتیپ× تنش خشکی × بسترهای کشت بر تغییرات میزان عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم خاک مزرعه در پایان آزمایش معنی‌دار نشد، امّا بیشترین تغییرات این عناصر در بستر خاک + کود حیوانی مشاهده شد و همچنین، این تغییرات در خاک حاوی اکوتیپ مشهد بیشتر بود. میزان شوری بستر خاک + کود حیوانی در هر دو اکوتیپ نسبت به بستر خاک، 78 درصد افزایش یافت. از طرفی، تغییرات اسیدیته خاک در سطح آبیاری 40 درصد نسبت به شاهد کمتر بود و این تغییرات در بستر خاکی 60 درصد کاهش یافت. تمامی پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی و رشدی گیاهان ختمی تحت تیمارهای آزمایش قرار گرفت و بیشترین میزان شاخص کلروفیل (68)، محتوای نسبی آب (72 درصد) و وزن خشک (95 گرم) در اکوتیپ مشهد تحت تیمار 80 درصد ظرفیت زراعی در بستر خاک + کود حیوانی و بیشترین کربوهیدرات (82 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن خشک) در اکوتیپ مشهد تحت تیمار 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی در بستر خاک + کود حیوانی به ثبت رسید. بدین منظور، کاربرد کود حیوانی همراه با خاک با فراهم نمودن عناصر ماکرو اثرات منفی تنش خشکی را کاهش می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ختمی زینتی؛ عناصر غذایی؛ کم‌آبیاری؛ مواد آلی

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