بهینه‌سازی الگوی کشت در چارچوب اهداف کشاورزی اقلیم-هوشمند: مطالعه موردی شبکه آبیاری درودزن- ایران

مجله اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی

مقاله 8، دوره 35، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 54، دی 1400، صفحه 422-407   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی به زبان انگلیسی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jead.2021.73325.1095

نویسندگان

درنا جهانگیرپور^* ؛ منصور زیبایی

گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

سیستم­های نوین آبیاری به عنوان یک راهبرد انطباقی برای مدیریت اثرات تغییر اقلیم و بهبود امنیت آب در نظر گرفته می­شود. استفاده از چنین سیستم­هایی علاوه بر صرفه­جویی در مصرف آب، چالش­هایی را در زمینه افزایش مصرف انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه­ای ایجاد کرده است. اگرچه برخی از مطالعات اخیر تحلیل‌های ارزنده­ای از رابطه بین آب و انرژی در سیستم‌های آبیاری کشاورزی ارائه کرده‌اند، اما توجه همزمان به بهره‌وری، سازگاری و کاهش اثرات مخرب محیط زیستی در بهینه‌سازی الگوی کشت یک سیستم کشاورزی به عنوان یک ضرورت اساسی  کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. کشاورزی اقلیم-هوشمند به عنوان یک مفهوم برنامه­ای قوی که به این سه هدف می‌پردازد، پتانسیل یک راه‌حل برد سه­جانبه را ایجاد کرده است. این مطالعه با توسعه یک مدل یکپارچه اقتصادی-هیدرولوژیکی-محیط­زیستی به نام WECSAM در سطح حوضه، متشکل از یک مدل هیدرولوژیکی به نامWEAP و یک مدل بهینه‌سازی چند-هدفه و ترکیب آن با مفاهیم ردپای آب، ردپای انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه­ای در چارچوب کشاورزی اقلیم-هوشمند، در جهت پر کردن این خلأ است.  این مدل برای منطقه شمالی حوضه آبریز بختگان به نام شبکه آبیاری درودزن اجرا شد. نتایج مدل WECSAM نشان داد که با بهینه‌سازی همزمان اهداف متناقض حداکثرسازی سود اقتصادی و حداقل­سازی ردپای آب، ردپای انرژی و انتشار دی­اکسید کربن، در مقایسه با مدل تک-‌هدفه حداکثرسازی سود، باعث کاهش 2/8 درصد ردپای آب، کاهش 2/21 درصد ردپای انرژی، کاهش 9/6 درصد انتشار انتشار دی اکسید کربن و کاهش 4/7 درصد سود اقتصادی می­شود. سهم سیستم قطره‌ای در آبیاری الگوی کشت آب-هوشمند، انرژی-هوشمند و اقلیم-هوشمند 5/54 درصد و برای سیستم بارانی نیمه متحرک 2/26 درصد است، در حالی که سیستم بارانی کلاسیک ثابت کمتر از یک درصد از آبیاری الگوی کشت بهینه را به خود اختصاص می­دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سیستم‌های آبیاری؛ الگوی کشت؛ کشاورزی اقلیم-هوشمند؛ بهینه‌سازی چندهدفه؛ رد پای آب؛ ‏انتشار CO2

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