زمین‌ شیمی مجموعه ماگمایی شمال‌ غرب ساوه (استان مرکزی)

زمین شناسی اقتصادی

مقاله 4، دوره 13، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 31، 1400، صفحه 741-765   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/econg.2021.68690.1006

نویسندگان

محمدرضا امامی میبدی؛ ناهید ناصری^* ؛ رضا زارعی سهامیه؛ خدیجه مؤمنی ظفرآباد؛ احمد احمدی خلجی

گروه زمین‌ شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

چکیده

مجموعه ماگمایی شمال‌غرب ساوه، واقع در قسمت مرکزی کمربند ماگمایی ارومیه- دختر، شامل انبوهی از سنگ­ های آتشفشانی است که توسط گرانیتوئیدهای اواخر ائوسن- الیگوسن پیشین قطع شده ­اند. از نظر پترولوژیکی، گرانیتوئیدها دارای ترکیب گابرودیوریت- دیوریت، کوارتز مونزونیت،گرانودیوریت وگرانیت هستند؛ در حالی‌که سنگ­ های آتشفشانی به آندزیت بازالت، آندزیت و داسیت‌- تراکی‌داسیت طبقه ­بندی می شوند. بررسی‌های زمین‌شیمی سنگ کل در سنگ ­های نفوذی و آتشفشانی مورد بررسی نشان می­ دهد که این سنگ ­ها دارای تهی­ شدگی شدید از عناصرHFSE  ( Nb , Zr و Ti) با (La/Sm) _N = 0.44–1.18 و 0.91-1.35 = (Dy/Yb)_N و غنی ­شدگی در LREE و LILE هستند که بیانگر تشکیل در طول ماگماتیسم کمان نرمال و محیط قبل از برخورد است. ویژگی ­های زمین‌شیمیایی سنگ ­های آذرین مورد بررسی (نسبت کم Sr/Y (کمتر از 30)، ناهنجاری­ های منفی Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.62–1.05)، تولید در یک منطقه فرورانش را نشان می­ دهد. ویژگی‌های این مجموعه ماگمایی با دیگر ماگماهای نوع عقیم کمربند ارومیه- دختر مطابقت دارد. یک مدل زمین‌شیمیایی، پترولوژیکی و زمین ­ساختی یکپارچه نشان می ­دهد که ماگماتیسم مجموعه آذرین شمال‌غرب ساوه احتمالاً با ذوب‌بخشی پوسته زیرین جوان (آمفیبولیت) ناشی از فرورانش لیتوسفر اقیانوسی نئوتتیس همراه است؛ در حالی‌که سنگ­ های آداکیتی مولد درکمربند ارومیه- دختر از ذوب‌بخشی پوسته زیرین ضخیم (گارنت-آمفیبولیت) تشکیل شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ماگماتیسم کمان نرمال؛ ماگمای عقیم؛ مجموعه ماگمایی شمال‌غرب ساوه

مراجع

Aghazadeh, M., Hou, Z., Badrzadeh, Z. and Zhou, L., 2015. Temporal–spatial distribution and tectonic setting of porphyry copper deposits in Iran: constraints from zircon U-Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology. Ore Geology Reviews, 70(14): 385–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.03.003

Asadi, S., Moore, F. and Zarasvandi, A., 2014. Discriminating productive and barren porphyry copper deposits in the southeastern part of the central Iranian volcano-plutonic belt, Kerman region, Iran: A review. Earth-Science Reviews, 138(24): 25–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.08.001

Ayati, F., Yavuz, F., Asadi, H.H., Richards, J.P. and Jourdan, F., 2013. Petrology and geochemistry of calc-alkaline volcanic and subvolcanic rocks, Dalli porphyry copper–gold deposit, Markazi Province, Iran. International Geology Review, 55(2): 158–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2012.689640

 Baldwin, J.A. and Pearce, J.A., 1982. Discrimination of productive and nonproductive porphyritic intrusions in the Chilean Andes. Economic Geology, 77(3): 664–674. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.77.3.664

Berberian, M. and King, G.C.P., 1981. Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 18(2): 210–265. https://doi.org/10.1139/e81-019

Bissig, T., Clark, A.H., Lee, J.K.W. and Quadt, A.V., 2003. Petrogenetic and metallogenetic responses to Miocene slab flattening: New constraints from the El Indio-Pascua Au–Ag–Cu belt. Mineralium Deposita, 38(7): 844–862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0375-y

Castillo, P.R., 2012. Adakite petrogenesis. Lithos, 135(4): 304–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2011.09.013

Chappell, B.W. and White, A.J.R., 2001. Two contrasting granite types: 25 years later. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 48(4): 489–499. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2001.00882.x

Condie, K.C., 1989. Geochemical changes in basalts and andesites across the Archean Proterozoic boundary: identifcation and signifcance. Lithos, 23(2): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(89)90020-0

Cooke, D.R., Hollings, P. and Walshe, J.L., 2005. Giant porphyry deposits: Characteristics, distribution, and tectonic controls. Economic Geology, 100(5): 801–818. http://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.100.5.801

Davidson, J.P. and Tepley, F.J.I., 1997. Recharge in volcanic systems; evidence from isotope profiles of phenocrysts. Science, 275(5301) 826–829. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5301.826

De la Roche, H., Leterrier, J., Grandclaude, P. and Marchal, M., 1980. A classification of volcanic and plutonic rocks using R1, R2-diagrams and major element analysis—its relationships with current nomenclature. Chemical Geology, 29(2) 183–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(80)90020-0

Defant, M.J. and Drummond, M.S., 1990. Derivation of some modern arc magmas by melting of young subducted lithosphere. Nature, 347 (6294): 662–665. https://doi.org/10.1038/347662a0

Drummond, M.S., Defant, M.J. and Kepezhinskas, P.K., 1996. Petrogenesis of slab-derived trondhjemite– tonalite–dacite/adakite magmas. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 87(1–2): 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300006611

Ebrahimi, M. and Rafiei ,M., 2019. Lithography and geochemistry of volcanic rocks north of Zavieh, southwest of Karaj. Journal of Earth Sciences, 27(107): 74–63. https://dx.doi.org/10.22071/gsj.2018.63757

Foley, S., Tiepolo, M. and Riccardo, V., 2002. Growth of early continental crust controlled by melting of amphibolite in subduction zones. Nature, 417 (6891): 837–840. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature00799

Ghalamghash, J., 1998. Description of the geological map of Saveh, 1: 100000. Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran.

Gounti´e Dedzo, M., Asaah, A.N.E., Martial Fozing, E., Chako-Tchamab´e, B., Tefogoum Zangmo, G., Dagwai, N., Tchokona Seuwui, D., Kamgang, P., Aka, F.T. and Ohba, T., 2020. Petrology and geochemistry of lavas from Gawar, Minawao and Zamay volcanoes of the northern segment of the Cameroon volcanic line (Central Africa): Constraints on mantle source and geochemical evolution. Geochemistry, 80(4): 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2020.125663 

Guo, Z., Wilson, M. and Liu, J., 2007. Post-collisional adakites in south Tibet Products of partial: Melting of subduction-modified lower crust. Lithos, 96(9): 205–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.09.011

Haschke, M. and Pearce, J.A., 2006. Geology, Lithochemical exploration tools revisited: MnO and REE. Specialty Meeting, Geological Society of America, Mendoza, Argentina.

Hassanpour, S. and Moazzen, M., 2017. Geochronological constraints on the Haftcheshmeh porphyry Cu-Mo-Au ore deposit, Central Qaradagh Batholith, Arasbaran Metallogenic Belt, Northwest Iran. Acta Geologica Sinica, 91‌(6): 2109–2125. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.13452

Helmi, F., 1991. Petrology and Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks in Neivesht Region, Northwest of Saveh. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, 189 pp.

Hildreth, W., Halliday, A.N. and Christiansen, R.L., 1991. Isotopic and chemical evidence concerning the genesis and contamination of basaltic and rhyolitic magma beneath the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field. Journal of Petrology, 32(1): 63–138. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/32.1.63

Hollings, P., Cooke, D. and Clark, A., 2005. Regional geochemistry of Tertiary igneous rocks in central Chile: Implications for the geodynamic environment of giant porphyry copper and epithermal gold mineralization. Economic Geology, 100(5): 887–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/100.5.887

Hou, Z.Q., Zhang, H., Pan, X. and Yang, Z., 2011. Porphyry Cu (–Mo–Au) deposits related to melting of thickened mafic lower crust: Examples from the eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain. Ore Geology Reviews, 39(4): 21–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2010.09.002

Kazemi, K., Kananian, A., Xiao, Y. and Sarjoughian, F., 2019. Petrogenesis of middle-Eocene granitoids and their mafc microgranular enclaves in Central Urmia-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (Iran): Evidence for interaction between felsic and mafc magmas. Geoscience Frontiers, 10‌(2): 705–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2018.04.006

Lee, C.T.A., Luf, P. and Chin, E.J., 2011. Building and destroying continental mantle. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 39(10): 59–90. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133505

Li, G.M., Cao, M.J., Qin, K.Z., Hollings, P., Evans, N.J. and Seitmuratova, E.Y., 2016. Petrogenesis of ore-forming and pre/post-ore granitoids from the Kounrad, Borly and Sayak porphyry/skarn Cu deposits, Central Kazakhstan. Gondwana Research, 37(26): 408–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2015.10.005

Li, J.X., Qin, K.Z., Li, G.M., Xiao, B., Chen, L. and Zhao, J.X., 2011. Post-collisional ore-bearing adakitic porphyries from Gangdese porphyry copper belt, southern Tibet: melting of thickened juvenile arc lower crust. Lithos, 126(1): 265–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2011.07.018

Macpherson, C.G., Dreher, S.T. and Thirlwall, M.F., 2006. Adakites without slab melting: High pressure differentiation of island arc magma, Mindanao, the Philippines. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 243(3–4): 581–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.12.034

Middlemost, E.A.K., 1994. Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth-Science Reviews, 37(3–4): 215–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90029-9

Monecke, T., Monecke, J., Reynolds, T.J., Tsuruoka, S., Bennett, M.M., Skewes, W.B. and Palin, R.M., 2018. Quartz solubility in the H₂O–NaCl system: A framework for understanding vein formation in porphyry copper deposits. Economic Geology, 113(5): 1007–1046. https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.2018.4580

Nakamura N., 1974. Determination of REE, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na and K in carbonaceous ordinary Chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 38 (5): 757–775. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(74)90149-5

Nouri, F., Azizi, H., Stern, R.J., Asahara, Y., Khodaparast, S., Madanipour, S. and Yamamoto, K., 2018. Zircon U-Pb dating, geochemistry and evolution of the Late Eocene Saveh magmatic complex, central Iran: Partial melts of sub-continental lithospheric mantle and magmatic differentiation. Lithos, 314–315(20): 274–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2018.06.013

O’Connor, J.‌T., 1965. A classification of quartz-rich igneons rocks based on feldspar ratios. In: T.‌B. Nolan (Editor), Geological Survey research 525-B. United State Geological Survey Professional Paper, Washington, PP. 79–84.

Omrani, J., Agard, P., Whitechurch, H., Benoit, M., Prouteau, G. and Jolivet, L., 2008. Arc magmatism and subduction history beneath the Zagros Mountains, Iran: A new report of adakites and geodynamic consequences. Lithos, 106(3–4): 380–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2008.09.008

Palin, R.M. and Spencer, C.J., 2018. Secular change in earth processes: preface. Geoscience Frontiers, 9(4): 965–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2018.05.001

Palin, R.M., White, R.W. and Green, E.C., 2016. Partial melting of metabasic rocks and the generation of tonalitic–trondhjemitic–granodioritic (TTG) crust in the Archaean: Constraints from phase equilibrium modelling. Precambrian Research, 287(3): 73–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2016.11.001

Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W. and Tindle, A.G., 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrolology, 25(4): 956–983. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/25.4.956

Peccerillo, A. and Taylor, S., 1975. Geochemistry of Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the Pontic chain, Northern Turkey. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(2): 557–569.  https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596976

Raeisi, D., Mirnejad, H., McFarlane, C., Sheibi, M. and Babazadeh, S., 2020. Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology of Miocene plutons in the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc, east Tafresh, Central Iran. International Geology Review, 62‌(13–14): 1815–1827. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2019.1600436

Richards, J.R., 2009. Post-subduction porphyry Cu–Au and epithermal Au deposits: products of remelting of subduction-modified lithosphere. Geology, 37(3): 247–250. https://doi.org/10.1130/G25451A.1

Richards, J.P., Spell, T., Rameh, E., Razique, A. and Fletcher, T., 2012. High Sr/Y magmas reflect arc maturity, high magmatic water content, and porphyry Cu ± Mo ± Au potential: examples from the Tethyan arcs of Central and Eastern Iran and Western Pakistan. Economic Geology, 107(2): 295–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.2.295

Roberts, M.P. and Clemens, J.D., 1993. Origin of high-potassium, calc-alkaline, I-type granitoids. Geology, 21(9): 825–828. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0825:OOHPTA>2.3.CO;2

Rudnick, R.L. and Gao, S., 2003. Composition of the continental crust. In: D.H. Heinrich and K.K.Turekian (Editors), Treatise on Geochemistry. Elsevier, USA, pp. 1–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4

Saunders, A.D., Storey, M., Kent, R.W. and Norry, M.J., 1992. Consequences of plume lithosphere interactions. In: B. C. Storey, T. Alabaster and R. J. Pankhurst (Editors), Magmatism and the Cause of Continental Breakup. Geological Society of Special Publication, London, pp. 41–60. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.04

Shafaii Moghadam, H., Rossetti, F., Lucci, F., Chiaradia, M., Gerdes, A., Lopez Martinez, M., Ghorbani, G. and Nasrabady, M., 2016. The calc-alkaline and adakitic volcanism of the Sabzevar structural zone (NE Iran): implications for the Eocene magmatic flare-up in Central Iran. Lithos, 248–251(36): 517–535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.01.019

Shafiei, B., Haschke, M. and Shahabpour, J., 2009. Recycling of orogenic arc crust triggers porphyry Cu mineralization in Kerman Cenozoic arc rocks, Southeastern Iran. Mineralium Deposita, 44(8): 265–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-0216-0

Shahabpour, J., 1992. Unroofing fragmentites as a reconnaissance exploration tool in the central Iranian porphyry copper belt. Economic Geology, 87 (6):  1599–1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.6.1599

Shahabpour, J., 2005. Tectonic evolution of the orogenic belt in the region located between Kerman and Neyriz. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24(4): 405–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.11.007

Sillitoe, R.H., 1997. Characteristic and controls of the largest porphyry copper–gold and epithermal gold deposits in the circum-Pacifc region. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 44(3): 373–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099708728318

Sisson, T.W., Ratajeski, K., Hankins, W.B. and Glazner, A.F., 2005. Voluminous granitic magmas from common basaltic sources. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 148(6): 635–661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-004-0632-9

Straub, S.M. and Zellmer, G.F., 2012. Volcanic arcs as archives of plate tectonic change. Gondwana Research, 21(2–3): 495–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2011.10.006

Sun, S.S. and McDonough, W.S., 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: A. D. Saunders and M. J. Norry (Editors), Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society, London, pp. 313–345. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19

Verdel, C., Wernicke, B.P., Hassanzadeh, J. and Guest, B., 2011. A Paleogene extensional arc flare-up in Iran. Tectonics, 30(3): 1–20.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2010TC002809

White, R.W., Palin, R.M. and Green, E.C., 2017. High-grade metamorphism and partial melting in Archean composite grey gneiss complexes. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 35(1): 181–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12227

Whitney, D.‌L. and Evans, B.‌W., 2010. Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95(1): 158–187. http://doi.org/10.2138/am.2010.3371

Wilkinson, J.J., 2013. Triggers for the formation of porphyry ore deposits in magmatic arcs. Nature Geoscience, 6(1038): 917–925. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1940

Winchester, J.A. and Floyd, P.A., 1977. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology, 20 (27): 325–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(77)90057-2

Yang, J.H., Wu, F.Y., Wilde, S.A. and Zhao, G.C., 2008. Petrogenesis and geodynamics of Late Archean magmatism in eastern Hebei, eastern North China Craton: geochronological, geochemical and Nd–Hf isotopic evidence. Precambrian Research, 167(1–2): 125–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2008.07.004

Yang, Y.F., Chen, Y.J., Li, N., Mi, M., Xu, Y.L., Li, F.L. and Wan, S.Q., 2013. Fluid inclusion and isotope geochemistry of the Qian’echong giant porphyry Mo deposit, Dabie Shan, China: a case of NaCl-poor, CO₂-rich fluid systems. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 124 (1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.06.019

Zarasvandi, A., Liaghat, S., Lentz, D. and Hossaini, M., 2013. Characteristics of mineralizing fluids of the Darreh-Zerreshk and Ali-Abad porphyry copper deposits, Central Iran, determined by fluid inclusion microthermometry. Resource Geology, 63(2): 188–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/rge.12004

Zarasvandi, A., Liaghat, S., Zentilli, M. and Reynolds, P.H., 2007. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of alteration and petrogenesis of porphyry copper-related granitoids in the DarrehZerreshk and Ali-Abad area, Central Iran. Exploration and Mining Geology, 16(1–2): 11–24. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsemg.16.1-2.11

Zarasvandi, A., Rezaei, M., Sadeghi, M., Lentz, D.R, Adelpour, M. and Pourkaseb, H., 2015. Rare earth element signatures of economic and sub-economic porphyry copper systems in Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA), Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 70(24): 407–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.01.010