پایش پایداری بوم نظام‌های کشاورزی تولید محصولات زراعی روستای بلند استان سیستان و بلوچستان با استفاده از رهیافت تحلیل امرژی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 5، دوره 15، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 57، مهر 1402، صفحه 505-525   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.72718.1067

نویسندگان

فرشاد گلشنی¹؛ محمدرضا اصغری پور^{* 2}؛ احمد قنبری¹؛ اسماعیل سیدآبادی¹

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

²گروه زراعت،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل ، ایران

چکیده

تحلیل پایداری بوم‌نظام‌های زراعی در تصمیم‌گیری و مدیریت صحیح آن‌ها اهمیت دارد. کمی‌کردن پایداری بوم‌نظام‌های زراعی می‌تواند راهکارهایی در جهت رسیدن به نتایج اقتصادی و محیطی مثبت ارائه نماید. تحقیق حاضر، جهت پایش اکولوژیکی پایداری و بهره‌وری استفاده از نهاده‌ها در بوم‌نظام‌های تولید گندم، جو و یونجه چندساله بر مبنای رهیافت امرژی، با استفاده از اطلاعات جمع‌آوری شده از سطح نظام‌های خرده مالکی روستای بلند، استان سیستان و بلوچستان، ایران در 1398 انجام شد. برای تحلیل نظام‌های تولید، نهاده‌ها به چهار دسته تقسیم شدند، نهاده‌های محیطی تجدیدپذیر (R)، نهاده‌های محیطی تجدیدناپذیر (N)، نهاده‌های اقتصادی تجدیدپذیر، و نهاده‌های غیراقتصادی تجدیدناپذیر (FR & FN). مجموع امرژی پشتیبانی‌کننده از نظام‌های تولید گندم (Triticum aestivum)، جو (Hordeum vulgare) و یونجه (Medicago sativa) به‌ترتیب برابر با 1018×02/3 و 1017×06/7 و 1017×83/5 ام‌ژول خورشیدی در سال بود. جریان‌های رایگان تجدیدپذیر و تجدیدناپذیر به‌ترتیب 79/50، 89/45 و 29/42 درصد از کل امرژی ورودی نظام‌های تولید گندم، جو و یونجه را به خود اختصاص دادند. سهم زیاد نهاده‌های رایگان داخلی نشان می‌دهد که غالب مزارع مطالعه، نظام‌هایی غیرصنعتی هستند که به شیوه نیمه‌سنتی و کم نهاده مدیریت می‌شوند. مقادیر محاسبه غیربرای شاخص‌های پایداری (ESI و ESI*) نشان داد، پایداری اکولوژیکی نظام تولید یونجه بیشتر از سایر نظام‌های مطالعه است. دلیل اصلی پایداری بیشتر این نظام، سهم زیاد انرژی ورودی مربوط به نهاده‌های محیطی رایگان و منابع تجدید‌پذیر اقتصادی بود. همچنین پایین بودن کسر مبادله امرژی (EER)، پایداری زیست‌محیطی منتج از تأثیر بازار، مقدار انرژی صرف شده کمتر در تولید هر واحد خروجی و بهره‌وری بیشتر کل عوامل تولید حاکی از مزیت نسبی بیشتر نظام تولید یونجه است. در مجموع، ارزیابی‌های انجام غیربر اساس محاسبه شاخص‌های مبتنی بر امرژی نشان داد، در نظام‌های زراعی غالب روستا، توجه به راهکارهای عملی در مدیریت جامع بوم‌نظام تولیدی به‌ویژه حفاظت از مواد آلی خاک و جلوگیری از فرسایش خاک، می‌تواند در پایداری اکولوژیکی این نظام‌ها تأثیر چشمگیری داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تحلیل امرژی؛ تحلیل مبتنی بر ورودی- خروجی؛ شاخص‌های مبتنی بر امرژی؛ فشار زیست‌محیطی؛ نهاده‌های تجدیدپذیر

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