سینتیک و ترمودینامیک جذب فسفر در یک خاک رسی تحت تأثیر پارامترهای محیطی مختلف

آب و خاک

مقاله 7، دوره 36، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 82، خرداد و تیر 1401، صفحه 251-266   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2022.74179.1124

نویسندگان

بهنوش کمالی؛ عباس ستوده نیا^* ؛ علی مهدوی مزده

دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره) قزوین

چکیده

بررسی و پیش‏بینی فرآیند جذب فسفر در خاک نقش بسزایی در ارائه راهکارهای کاربردی برای کاهش تجمع فسفر مصرفی و افزایش قابلیت دسترسی آن برای محصولات کشت شده دارد. در این مطالعه، سینتیک جذب و همینطور اثرات دما در سه سطح (12، 25 و 38 درجه سانتی‏گراد)، شوری در پنج سطح (0، 96/8، 02/17، 09/32 و 25/46 دسی زیمنس بر متر)، pH در شش سطح (5/2، 5/3، 36/5، 5/7، 5/9 و 5/11) و نوع محلول زمینه حاوی فسفر (آب مقطر و محلول کلسیم کلرید 01/0 مولار) بر روی جذب تعادلی فسفر در یک خاک کشاورزی منطقه مهدی‏آباد دشت قزوین با استفاده از آزمایش رآکتوری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که معادله الوویچ بالاترین همبستگی (964/0=r²) را با داده‏های آزمایشگاهی سینتیک جذب داشت و بیش‏ترین میزان جذب در 8 ساعت اول تماس خاک با محلول فسفر اتفاق افتاد. با تغییر دما از 25 به 38 درجه‏ سانتی‏گراد حداکثر ظرفیت جذب 1/2 برابر و در شرایط استفاده از محلول الکترولیت کلسیم کلرید به جای آب مقطر حداکثر ظرفیت جذب 5/7 برابر بود. این عوامل از طریق تأثیرگذاری بر روی قدرت تبادل یونی منجر به تغییر مقدار جذب فسفر بر روی سطوح جاذب شده‏اند. کاهش شوری و افزایش pH نیز از طریق ایجاد تغییر در تعداد آنیون‏های موجود در محلول و نوسان در بار سطوح جاذب، افزایش معنی‏دار در مقدار جذب را موجب گردیده و بیشترین مقدار تغییرات در جذب، بین pH 36/5 تا 5/7 اتفاق افتاد. نتایج بررسی ترمودینامیک جذب نیز بیانگر گرماگیر و خود به ‏‏خودی بودن فرآیند جذب بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ترمودینامیک؛ سینتیک جذب؛ شوری؛ فسفر؛ محلول الکترولیت

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