ارزیابی اثرات زیست‌محیطی تولید الکتریسیته در نیروگاه بادی (مطالعه موردی: کهک قزوین و آقکند میانه)

ماشین های کشاورزی

مقاله 2، دوره 13، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 30، دی 1402، صفحه 405-426   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jam.2022.76180.1102

نویسندگان

ماریا نوروزی پور¹؛ رضا طباطبایی کلور^{* 2}؛ علی متولی²

¹دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

²گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

چکیده

روند رو به رشد جمعیت جهان، افزایش اجتناب‌ناپذیر تقاضای انرژی را به همراه داشته و این امر به غیر از پایان‌پذیر بودن منابع انرژی تجدیدناپذیر می‌تواند مشکلات فراوان زیست‌محیطی را به همراه داشته باشد. با توجه به اهمیت اثرات زیست‌محیطی و توسعه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، استفاده از باد می‌تواند منبعی بسیار مطمئن برای تولید انرژی الکتریسته باشد. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی اثرات زیست‌محیطی تولید الکتریسیته در طول چرخه حیات نیروگاه‌های بادی (کهک و آقکند) در طول مراحل احداث تا بهره‌برداری این نیروگاه‌ها و شاخص تقاضای اکسرژی تجمعی، پرداخته است. در مطالعه حاضر واحد کارکردی یک کیلووات الکتریسیته انتخاب شد و داده‌ها در نرم‌افزار سیماپرو به روش +IMPACT2002 در قالب 15 شاخص میانی و چهار شاخص نهایی تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که مرحله مواد اولیه و تولید (از استخراج تا ساخت اجزا) بالاترین تاثیر را در ایجاد شاخص‌های میانی به همراه داشت که دلیل این امر استخراج، ساخت و تولید قطعات ازجمله ریخته‌گری فولاد با استفاده از انواع انرژی‌های تجدید‌ناپذیر و فعالیت‌هایی همچون جوشکاری در دمای بالا می‌باشد. همچنین میزان شاخص کل زیست‌محیطی دو نیروگاه بادی آقکند و کهک به‌ازای 1 کیلووات ساعت الکتریسیته تولیدی به‌ترتیب برابر 5.84 و 4.45 (μPt) بود و از‌ این مقدار به‌ترتیب 3.02 و 2.31 (μPt) مربوط به دسته خسارت سلامت انسان بود. همچنین بررسی شاخص تقاضای اکسرژی تجمعی نشان داد که منابع تجدید‌ناپذیر-فسیلی بیشترین سهم در تقاضای اکسرژی (به میزان 0.153MJ) را به ازای تولید یک کیلووات الکتریسیته از نیروگاه‌های احداث شده به خود اختصاص دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اثرات زیست‌محیطی؛ انرژی باد؛ ایران؛ تقاضای اکسرژی تجمعی

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