مقایسه مدل‌های RUSLE و EPM در برآورد فرسایش و تولید رسوب با استفاده از GIS (مطالعۀ موردی: حوضه چم‌گردلان استان ایلام)

جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی

مقاله 15، دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 50، تیر 1403، صفحه 339-371   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/geoeh.2022.75260.1176

نویسندگان

صالح آرخی^{* 1}؛ حسین بارانی²

¹دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و سیستم‌های اطلاعات جغرافیایی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران

²دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مخاطرات محیطی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

ارزیابی کیفی و کمی فرسایش با استفاده از مدل­ های تجربی برآورد فرسایش و رسوب، یکی از راهکارهایی است که از طریق آن می­توان فرسایش خاک را تا حدودی کنترل و مقدار آن را به حداقل رساند. پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور مقایسه دو مدل EPM و RUSLE در برآورد فرسایش و رسوب در حوضه چم ­گردلان استان ایلام انجام شده است. در این راستا، از عوامل مؤثر بر فرسایش شامل فرسایندگی باران، فرسایش ­پذیری خاک، توپوگرافی، پوشش گیاهی و عملیات حفاظت خاک و همچنین ضرایب فرسایش مشاهده ­ای، حساسیت سنگ و خاک به فرسایش، استفاده از زمین یا کاربری زمین، شیب متوسط زمین به درصد مورد استفاده در مدل­ های یاد شده استفاده شده و درنهایت مقدار فرسایش و رسوب تولید شده با توجه به مدل­ های ارائه شده محاسبه و با مقدار مشاهده شده در ایستگاه رسوب­ سنجی حوضه چم­ گردلان مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست آمده نشان می­ دهد میزان رسوب برآوردی مدل RUSLE، 37/16 تن در هکتار در سال و در روش EPM، 49/21 تن در هکتار در سال برآورد گردید که با توجه به نزدیک‌تر بودن مقدار برآوردی RUSLE به مقدار رسوب مشاهده ­ای 58/16 تن در هکتار در سال، کارایی مدل RUSLE در برآورد رسوب منطقه موردمطالعه بیش­تر است. درنهایت توصیه می ­شود، برای فازهای اولیه مطالعات توجیهی، اجمالی و شناسایی از مدل EPM و برای مطالعات تفصیلی و دقیق ­تر برآورد فرسایش و رسوب حوضه از روش RUSLE بهره گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

فرسایش خاک؛ برآورد رسوب؛ مدل RUSLE؛ مدل EPM؛ حوضه چم‌گردلان؛ استان ایلام

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