تأثیر پساب شهری بر ویژگی‌های شیمیایی، غلظت عناصر پرمصرف و فلزات سنگینِ خاک و عملکرد ذرت سینگل کراس 704

آب و خاک

مقاله 6، دوره 36، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 84، مهر و آبان 1401، صفحه 511-524   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2022.77424.1178

نویسندگان

فاطمه علیزادگان¹؛ محمدعلی غلامی^{* 2}؛ سعید شیوخی سوغانلو³

¹گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

²دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، گروه مهندسی آب

³گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثرگذاری پساب شهری بر غلظت عناصر پرمصرف و فلزات سنگینِ خاک و برخی ویژگی‌های ذرت، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل با تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل؛ عامل منبع آب آبیاری (پساب (W1) و آب چاه (W2))، و عامل روش آبیاری (زﻳﺮﺳﻄﺤﻲ (S1) و قطره‌ای نوار تیپ (S2))، در طول فصل رشد 99-1398، در لایسیمتر مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری اجرا شد. بر پایه یافته‌ها، تأثیر نوع منبع آبیاری بر قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی خاک، غلظت عناصر پرمصرف خاک و انباشت فلزات سنگین در خاک تفاوت معنی‌دار داشت (P ≤ 0.01). به‌طوری‌که بیشترین میزان قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی خاک با مقدار 8/1 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر، در شرایط استفاده از پساب مشاهده شد. بالاترین میزان نیتروژن کل، فسفر و پتاسیم به‌ترتیب با مقادیر 086/0، 2/24 و 2/226 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم مربوط به منبع آب پساب بود. نتایج نشان داد که میزان انباشت فلزات سرب (07/0) و کادمیوم (014/0) خاک، در آبیاری با پساب نسبت به منبع آب چاه به ترتیب با 05/0 و 01/0 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم، افزایش یافت. همچنین تأثیر روش آبیاری و اثر متقابل منبع و روش آبیاری بر ویژگی‌های شیمیایی، غلظت عناصر پرمصرفِ خاک و انباشت فلزات سنگین در خاک معنی‌دار نبود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه و بهره‌وری زیست‌توده در آبیاری با منبع پساب به‌ترتیب به میزان 66/918 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 45/1 کیلوگرم در مترمکعب مشاهده شد. بهره‌گیری از آبیاری زیرسطحی افزایش 67 درصدی عملکرد دانه و 28 درصدی بهره‌وری زیست‌توده در مقایسه با روش قطره‌ای نوار تیپ، را در پی داشت. بر پایه یافته‌ها، استفاده از پساب در مقایسه با آب چاه، باعث جذب میزان بیش‌تری از مقادیر سرب و کادمیوم در بخش‌های دانه، برگ و ساقه گیاه ذرت شد در حالیکه غلظت فلزات سنگین زه‌آب حاصل از آبیاری تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشتند. به­طور کلی، استفاده بهینه از پساب برای آبیاری، با بهبود شرایط فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک، افزایش عملکرد گیاه را به همراه دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبیاری زیرسطحی؛ پساب؛ عملکرد دانه؛ فلزات سنگین؛ هدایت الکتریکی

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