بررسی اثر قارچ میکوریزا (Piriformospora indica) بر صفات مورفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی استویا (Stevia rebaudiana) تحت تنش خشکی

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 12، دوره 37، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 58، مرداد 1402، صفحه 453-465   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2022.75337.1173

نویسندگان

اسمعیل نبی زاده^{* 1}؛ مسعود حق شناس²؛ خدیجه احمدی³

¹گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مهاباد، مهاباد، ایران

²گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

³دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

چکیده

گیاه دارویی استویا از خانواده Asteraceae، حاوی ترکیبات طبیعی، به ویژه استویوزید و ریبائودیوزید A است که تخمین زده می­شود 150 تا 400 برابر شیرین­تر از ساکاروز باشد. به­منظور بررسی اثر قارچ اندوفیت Piriformospora indica در شرایط تنش آبی بر خصوصیات رویشی، پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی و عناصر ریزمغذی گیاه دارویی استویا، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تکرار در سال 97-1396 اجرا شد. عامل اول تنش خشکی در چهار سطح (25، 45، 60 و 80 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه) و عامل دوم تلقیح نشاء با قارچ در دو سطح (عدم تلقیح و تلقیح باP. indica) بودند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل کولونیزاسیون ریشه، وزن خشک، تعداد برگ، ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، کلروفیل a، b، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید، پرولین، قندهای محلول، قدرت آنتی­اکسیدانی و عناصر ریزمغذی شامل مس، آهن، روی و منگنز بودند. نتایج نشان داد که صفات مورد ارزیابی در پژوهش حاضر تحت تأثیر تیمارهای اصلی قارچ و تنش خشکی قرار گرفتند. نهال­هایی که با قارچ اندوفیت P. indica تلقیح شده دارای بیش­ترین درصد کولونیزاسیون ریشه، پارامترهای رشد، محتوای رنگیزه­های فتوسنتزی، ترکیبات محلول و عناصر ریزمغذی نسبت به عدم تلقیح بودند. تنش خشکی موجب افزایش قندهای محلول، میزان پرولین و قدرت آنتی­اکسیدانی برگ گیاه دارویی استویا شد و با افزایش تنش خشکی از 80 درصد ظرفیت زراعی به 25 درصد باعث کاهش مابقی صفات شد. طبق نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثر برهمکنش قارچ در تنش خشکی، بیش­ترین میزان کولونیزاسیون ریشه، قطر ساقه  و محتوای کاروتنوئید در تلقیح گیاه با قارچ P. indica و تنش 25 درصد و قدرت آنتی­اکسیدانی در تنش 80 درصد مشاهده شد. باتوجه به نتایج تحقیق حاضر استفاده از قارچ P. indica بیش­ترین تأثیر مثبت بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی استویا نسبت به عدم تلقیح قارچ برخوردار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنتی‌اکسیدان؛ استویا؛ عناصر غذایی؛ کم آبی؛ کلونیزاسیون

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