ترجمان مفهوم عدالت توزیعی در سیاست‌گذاری‌های تخصیص منابع آب

فصلنامه آب و توسعه پایدار

مقاله 4، دوره 9، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 24، شهریور 1401، صفحه 19-32   

نوع مقاله: مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jwsd.v9i2.2201.1115

نویسندگان

سمیه ایمانی¹؛ محمد حسین نیک سخن^{* 2}؛ رضا صفری شالی³

¹دکتری، گروه آموزشی مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

²دانشیار، گروه آموزشی مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

³دانشیار گروه آموزشی جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در ساختار تصمیم‌گیری منابع آب یکی از موضوعات اساسی تخصیص "عادلانه"، "منصفانه" و "بر مبنای تساوی" است. بر اساس خواست دولت‌ها، سیاست‌های تخصیص منابع آب، بر مبنای عدالت انجام می‌شوند؛ درحالی‏که تعریف دقیق عادلانه بودن و نحوه کاربرد آن در بخش آب بر محققین و سیاست‌گذاران پوشیده است. بنابراین یافتن پاسخ چگونگی توزیع عادلانه منابع محیط‌‌زیستی مانند آب یکی از گام‌های اساسی در مطالعات و سیاست‌گذاری‌های منابع آب است. اما حوزه‌ای که کمترین توجه به آن اختصاص یافته است، تعریف دقیق عادلانه بودن است. بر این مبنا، نوشتار حاضر به‏صورت مطالعه اسنادی و در قالب تک‏‌نگاری توصیفی و تحلیلی عمیق در حوزه عدالت توزیعی در سیاست‌گذاری‌های تخصیص منابع آب تهیه شده است. بنابراین در این پژوهش افزون‏ بر بررسی مفاهیم پایه‌ای عدالت، فلوچارت انتخاب مراحل بررسی عدالت آبی در کشور پیشنهاد خواهد شد. همچنین مقایسه و تبیین مفاهیم عدالت توزیعی در تخصیص منابع آب نیز ارائه می‌شود تا اختلاف بین رویکردهای مختلف عدالت توزیعی بر مبنای مفهوم مدرن آن شامل برابری، تفاوت، برابری فرصت‎ها، رفاه، شایستگی و استحقاق از منظر عدالت در پژوهش‌های آبی مشخص شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عدالت آبی؛ اصل استحقاق؛ توزیع منابع؛ سیاست‌گذاری؛ منابع مشترک

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