اثر تاریخ کشت و تراکم بوته بر ویژگی‌های رشدی و اجزای عملکرد گوار(Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) در منطقه بیرجند

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 1، دوره 17، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 64، تیر 1404، صفحه 181-200   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2022.77801.1120

نویسندگان

عباس نخعی؛ رضا برادران^*

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر گیاه گوار (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) آزمایشی به­صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1398 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی محمدیه بیرجند انجام شد. عوامل آزمایش شامل تاریخ کاشت در چهار سطح (10 اردیبهشت،10 خرداد، 25 خرداد و 10 تیر) به‌عنوان کرت­های اصلی و تراکم در سه سطح (تعداد 11، 17 و 33 بوته در مترمربع) به‌عنوان کرت­های فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر روی صفت تعداد غلاف در بوته در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار و بر روی سایر صفات اثرات معنی­داری نداشتند. بیشترین تعداد غلاف در بوته از تاریخ کاشت 10 خرداد و تراکم 11 بوته در مترمربع با افزایش 6/249 درصدی نسبت به کمترین تعداد غلاف در بوته از تاریخ کاشت 10 اردیبهشت ماه در تراکم مشابه حاصل گردید. اثرات اصلی تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر روی کلیه صفات به‌ترتیب به‌جز تعداد شاخه فرعی در بوته و طول غلاف و نیز تعداد دانه در غلاف معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین میزان صفات رشدی و عملکردی از تراکم 33 بوته در مترمربع و از تاریخ کاشت 10 خرداد ماه به­دست آمد. به‌طوری‌که عملکرد دانه در تاریخ­ کاشت 10 خرداد ماه از افزایش 3/79 درصدی نسبت به تاریخ کاشت 10 تیر ماه برخوردار بود و این کاهش عملکرد می‌تواند به‌دلیل برخورد گیاه با دمای نامناسب آخر فصل ­باشد. با توجه به نتایج آزمایش، می­توان بیان کرد که افزایش تراکم گیاهی منجر به افزایش عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک در واحد سطح گردید، بنابراین می­توان چنین نتیجه گرفت که بر اساس شرایط و نتایج این آزمایش، اگر گوار در اوایل خرداد ماه و با تراکم 34 بوته در مترمربع کشت گردد، افزایش عملکرد و اجزای آن دور از انتظار نخواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بقولات؛ زمان کاشت؛ عملکرد دانه؛ فواصل بوته

مراجع

1. Akhtar, L.H., Bukhari, S., Salah-ud-Din, S., & Minhas, R. (2012). Response of new guar strains to various row spacings. Pakistan Journal Agriculture Science, 49(4), 469-471.
2. Al-Ramamneh, E. (2009). Plant growth strategies of Thymus vulgaris in response to population density. Industrial Crops and Products, 30(3), 389-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.07.008
3. Ashraf, M., & Foolad, R.M. (2005). Pre-sowing seed treatment-a shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth and crop yield under saline and non-saline conditions. Advances in Agronomy, 88, 223-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2113(05)88006-x
4. Chiofalo, B., Lo Presti, V., D’Agata, A., Raso, R., Ceravolo, G., & Gresta, F. (2018). Qualitative profile of degummed guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) seeds grown in a Mediterranean area for use as animal feed. Journal Animal Physiology. Animal Nutrition, 102, 260–267. https://doi.org/10.111/jpn.12687
5. Dan, X., & Wong, J.H. (2016). A hemagglutinin isolated from Northeast China black beans induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Molecular Cell Research, 1863(9), 2201-2211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.05.019
6. Deka, K.K., Das Milu, R., Bora, P., & Mazumder, N. (2015). Effect of sowing dates and spacing on growth and cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in subtropical climate of Assam. Indian Journal Agriculture Research, 49(3), 250-254. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-058x.2015.00039.6
7. Eldirany, A.A., Mohamed-Nour, A.A., Khadir, K.E., Gadeen, K.A., & Ibrahim, M.A. (2015). Physicochemical and functional properties of four new genotypes of guar gum (Cyamopsis tetregonoloba ). American Journal of Food Science and Health, 1(2), 43-50.
8. Farajie, A. (2006). The effect of planting date on yield and grain yield and oil components of four rapeseed genotypes in the Gombad. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 7(3), 189-201. (In Persian with English abstract)
9. Gresta, F., Sortino, O., Santonoceto, C., Issi, L., Santonoceto, C., & Santonoceto, Y.M. (2013). Effects of sowing times on seed yield, protein and galactomannans content of four varieties of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba ) in a Mediterranean environment. Industrial Crops and Products,41, 46–52.
10. Heydarzadeh, M., Ehteshami, S.M.R., & Rabiee, M. (2020). Effect of planting date and plant density on qualitative characteristics, yield and yield components of guar in Guilan province. Plant Process and Function, 39(9), 197-214. (In Persian with English abstract)
11. Jagtap, D.N., Waghule, L.D., & Bhale, V.M. (2011). Effect of sowing time, row spacing and seed rate on production potential of cluster bean. Advnace Research Journal of Crop Improvement, 2(1), 27-30.
12. Kebraie, S., Shams, K., & Pazoki, A.R. (2010). Effect of cultivar and planting date on grain yield and quantitative traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Journal of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, 2(6), 53-64. (In Persian with English abstract)
13. Khademhamzeh, H.R., Karimie, M., & Rezaie, A. (2004). Effect of plant density and planting date on agronomic characteristics, yield and yield components in soybean. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 35(2). (In Persian with English abstract)
14. Khajepoor, M.R. (2009). Principles and Bases of Agriculture (Third edition). Publication by University Jahad of Isfahan, Iran. p. 654.
15. Koocheki, A., Rashed Mohassel, M.H., Nassiri, M., & Sadr Abadi, R. (1995). (Translators) Physiological Basis of Crop Growth and Development. Imam Reza University Publication, Mashhad-Iran. p. 404. (In Persian)
16. Lakshmi Kalyani, D. (2012). Performance of cluster bean genotypes under varied time of sowing. Agricultural Research. Legume Research, 35(2), 154-158.
17. Lio, W., Tollenaar, M., Stewart, G., & Deen, W. (2004). Response of corn grain yield to spatial and temporal variability in emergence. Crop science, 44(3), 847-854. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.8470
18. Lone, B.A., Hasan, B., Singh, A., Haq, S.A., & Sofi, N.R. (2009). Effects of seed rate, row spacing and fertility levels on yield attributes and yield of soybean under temperate conditions. ARPN. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 4(2), 19-25.
19. Majnoun Hosseini, N. (2008). Grain legume production (in Iran), (4^th). Jehad Daneshgahi Publisher, Tehran, Iran. pp. 294.
20. Masoudikia, M., & Azizi, K. (2008). The effect of cultivation date and plant density on yield, yield components and protein content of red bean cultivars. Daneshvar Journal of Crop Sciences, 1(2), 1-14. (In Persian)
21. Meftahizade, H., Ghorbanpourb, M., & Asarehc, M.H. (2019). Changes in phenological attributes; yield and phytochemical compositions of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) landaraces under various irrigation regimes and planting dates. Science Horticulture, 256, 108577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108577
22. Meftahizade, H., Hamidoghli, Y., Assareh, M.H., & Jaanmard Dakheli, M. (2017). Effect of sowing date and irrigation regimes on yield components, protein and galactomannan content of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba ) in Iran climate. Australian Journal Crop Science, 11(11), 1481-1487.
23. Mehdipour Afra, M., Agha Alikhani, M., Soofizadeh, S., & Mokhtasi Bidgoli, A. (2019). Effect of sowing time and plant density on growth and seed yield of two guar ecotypes (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba ). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 21(2), 109-126. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.29252/abj.21.2.109
24. Mousavi, K., & Pezeshkpur, P. (2006). Evaluation of kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars response to sowing date. Journal of Iranian Field Crop Research, 4, 141-154. (In Persian with English abstract)
25. Nakhzari Moghadam, A. (2013). Effect of pruning and plant density on yield and its components in Barakat beans (Vicia faba) cultivar in Gonbad Kavous region. Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 44(4), 710-720. (In Persian with English abstract)
26. Nandini, K.M., Sridhara, S., Patil, S., & Kumar, K. (2017). Effect of planting density and different genotypes on growth, yield and quality of guar. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, 5(1), 320-328. https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2499
27. Rahman, M.M. (1992). Growth analysis of chickpea genotypes in relation to grain filling period and yield potential in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 21(2), 225-231.
28. Regan, K.L., Siddique, K.H., & Martin, L.D. (2003). Response of Kabuli chickpea to sowing rate in Mediterranean type environments of southwestern Australian. Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 43, 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1071/ea01200
29. Rifaee, M., Turk., M.A., & Tawaha, A.R. (2004). Effect of seed size and plant population density on yield and yield components of local faba bean (Vicia faba ). Int. Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6(2), 294-299. https://doi.org/10.7176/jnsr/9-5-07
30. Sahile, S., Ahmed, S., Fininsa, C., Abang, M.M., & Sakhuja, P.K. (2008). Survey of chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) disease of faba bean (Vicia faba) and assessment of factors influencing disease epidemics in northern Ethiopia. Crop Protection, 27, 1457-1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2008.07.011
31. Scott, R.K., & Jaggard, K.W. (2006). Impact of weather, agronomy and breeding on yields of sugar beet grown in UKsince 1970. Agriculture Science, 134, 341-352. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699007832
32. Sharar, M.S., Ayub, M., Ather Nadeem, M., & Noori, S.A. (2001). Effect of different row spacing and seeding densities on the growth and yield of gram (Cicer arieunum ). Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Science, 38, 51-53.
33. Sharifi, P., Niknami, F., & Sadeghi, S.M. (2016). Effect of plant density and planting date on yield and yield components of faba bean. Journal of Agronmy and Plant Breeding, 12(1), 83-95. (In Persian with English abstract)
34. Shojaee Ghadicollaei, M., Daneshian, J., Mobaser, H.R., & Nasiri, M. (2011). Affects different levels of nitrogen and plant density in canola (Brassica napus ) yield in paddy field. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 6(4), 37-47. (In Persian with English abstract)
35. Siddaraju, R., Narayanaswamy, S., & Prasad, S.R. (2010). Studies on growth, seed yield and yield attributes as influenced by varieties and row spacings in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) Mysore. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 44, 16-21.
36. Singh, S. (2014). An Analysis of Guar Crop in India. Gain Report Number: IN4035.
37. Singla, S., Grover, K., Angadi, S.V., Begna, S., Schutte, B., & Leeuwen, S.V. (2016). Growth and yield of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba ) genotypes under different planting dates in the semi-arid southern high plains. American Journal Plant Science,7, 1246-1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2016.78120
38. Sudhir, S., Grover, K., Angadi, S., Schutte, B., Vanleeuwen, D., & Auld, D. (2015). Growth and seed yield performance of promising guar genotypes under different planting dates in desert southwest. 27^thAnnual Meeting Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops. October 18-22, Overton Hotel and Conference Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.s
39. Turk, M.A., & Tawaha, A.R.M. (2002). Impact of seeding rate, seeding date, rate and method of phosphorus application in faba bean (Vicia faba minor) in the absence of moisture stress. Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment, 6(3), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-005
40. Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Birjand, Iran. https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=90804&cityname=Birjand%2C+Khorasan-e+Jonubi%2C+Iran&units=.