Ackoff, R. L. 1974. Redesigning the future. New York, 29.
Brunsson, N. 1985. The irrational organization: Irrationality as a basis for organizational action and change. John Wiley and Sons.
Champion, D., and Stowell, F. A. 2001. PEArL: a systems approach to demonstrating authenticity in information systems design. Journal of Information Technology, 16(1), pp.3-12.
Checkland, P. 1994. Systems theory and management thinking. American Behavioral Scientist, 38(1), pp.75-91.
Checkland, P. 1999. Systems thinking, systems practice: a 30 year retrospective: soft systems methodology. John Wiley and sons, Ltd. Chichester.
Checkland, P., 2000. New maps of knowledge some animadversions (friendly) on: science (reductionist), social science (hermeneutic), research (unmanageable) and universities (unmanaged). Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 17(S1 1), pp.S59-S75.
Checkland, P. 2005. Webs of significance: the work of Geoffrey Vickers. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 22(4), pp.285-290.
Checkland, P., and Casar, A. 1986. Vickers’ concept of an appreciative system: a systemic account. Journal of Applied Systems Analysis, 13(3), pp.3-17.
Checkland, P., and Holwell, S. 1998. Action research: its nature and validity. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 11(1), pp.9-21.
Checkland, P., and Poulter, J. 2006. Learning for action: a short definitive account of soft systems methodology and its use for practitioner, teachers, and students (Vol. 26). Wiley Chichester.
Checkland, P. and Poulter, J., 2010. Systems Approaches Managing Change: A Practical Guide (M. Reynolds and S. Holwell.
Checkland, P. B. 1984. Systems thinking in management: the development of soft systems methodology and its implications for social science (Self-Organization and Management of Social Systems (pp. 94-104). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Chi, M. T., Glaser, R., and Farr, M. J. 2014. The nature of expertise. Psychology Press.
Christis, J. 2005. Theory and practice of soft systems methodology: a performative contradiction? Systems research and behavioral science, 22(1), pp.11-26.
Churchman, C. W. 1967. Guest editorial: Wicked problems. JSTOR.
Conklin, J. 2005. Dialogue Mapping: Building Shared Understanding of Wicked Problems. John Wiley andamp; Sons, Inc.
Creswell, J. W., and Clark, V. L. P. 2007. Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage publications.
D'Zurilla, T. J., and Nezu, A. M. 1999. Problem-solving therapy: A social competence approach to clinical intervention. Springer Publishing Company.
Eastman, C. M. 1969. Cognitive processes and ill-defined problems: A case study from design. (Ed.),^(Eds.). Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: IJCAI.
Edmonstone, J. 2014. On the nature of problems in action learning. Action Learning: research and practice, 11(1), pp. 25-41.
Edmonstone, J. 2017. Action Learning in Health, Social and Community Care: Principles, Practices and Resources. CRC Press.
Flood, R. L. 1989. Archaeology of (systems) inquiry. Systems Practice, 2(1), pp. 117-124.
Flood, R. L. 1998. Action research and the management and systems sciences. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 11(1), pp. 79-101.
Flood, R. L. 2010. The relationship of ‘systems thinking’to action research. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 23(4), pp. 269-284.
Flood, R. L., and Romm, N. R. A. 2018. A systemic approach to processes of power in learning organizations: part I–literature, theory, and methodology of triple loop learning. The learning organization, 25(4) pp.260-272.
Frensch, P. A., and Funke, J. 2014. Complex problem solving: The European perspective. Psychology Press.
Habermas, J. 1970. Towards a theory of communicative competence. Inquiry, 13(1-4), pp. 360-375.
Habermas, J., Habermas, J., and McCarthy, T. 1985. The theory of communicative action (Vol. 2). Beacon press.
Hanafizadeh, P., and Mehrabioun, M. 2017. Application of SSM in tackling problematical situations from academicians’ viewpoints.
Syst Pract Action Res, pp.1-42. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-017-9422-y .
Hanafizadeh, P., and Mehrabioun, M. 2019. A Systemic Framework for Business Model Design and Development-Part B: Practical Perspective. Systemic Practice and Action Research, pp.1-36.
Hanafizadeh, P., and Mehrabioun, M. 2020. A Systemic framework for business model design and development-Part B: Practical Perspective. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 33(6), pp.639-674.
Hanafizadeh, P., Mehrabioun, M., Badie, K. and Soofi, J.B., 2018. A systemic framework for business model design and development-part a: theorizing perspective. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 31(4), pp.437-461.
Hanafizadeh, P., Mehrabioun, M., and Mostasharirad, A. 2021. The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Solution of Soft Systems Methodology. Philosophy of Management, 20(2), pp.135-166.
Hatch, M. J., and Cunliffe, A. L. 2013. Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press.
Holwell, S. 2000. Soft systems methodology: other voices. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 13(6), pp.773-797.
Huaxia, Z. 2010. Soft systems methodology and ‘soft’philosophy of science. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 27(2), pp.156-170.
Jackson, M. C. 1990. Beyond a system of systems methodologies. Journal of the operational research society, 41(8), pp.657-668.
Jonassen, D. H. 1997. Instructional design models for well-structured and III-structured problem-solving learning outcomes. Educational technology research and development, 45(1), pp.65-94.
Jonassen, D. H. 2000. Toward a design theory of problem solving. Educational technology research and development, 48(4), pp. 63-85.
Kitchner, K. 1983. Cognition, metacognition, and epistemic cognition. Human development, 26(4), pp.222-232.
Mayer, R. E. 1992. Thinking, problem solving, cognition. WH Freeman/Times Books/Henry Holt and Co.
Mingers, J., and White, L. 2010. A review of the recent contribution of systems thinking to operational research and management science. European Journal of Operational Research, 207(3), pp.1147-1161.
Newell, A. and Simon, H.A., 1972. Human problem solving (Vol. 104, No. 9). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-hall.
Novick, L. R., and Bassok, M. 2005. Problem solving. Cambridge University Press.
Pidd, M., 1997. Tools for thinking—Modelling in management science. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 48(11), pp.1150-1150.
Reitman, W. R. 1964. Heuristic decision procedures, open constraints, and the structure of ill-defined problems. Human judgments and optimality, pp.282-315.
Revans, R. 2011. ABC of action learning. Gower Publishing, Ltd.
Revans, R., 2016. Action learning: Its origins and nature. In Action learning in practice (pp. 33-42). Routledge.
Rittel, H. W., and Webber, M. M. 1973. Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy sciences, 4(2), pp.155-169.
Segal, E. 2004. Incubation in insight problem solving. Creativity Research Journal, 16(1), pp.141-148.
Simon, H. A. 1959. Theories of decision-making in economics and behavioral science. The American economic review, 49(3), pp.253-283.
Simon, H. A. 1973. The structure of ill structured problems. Artificial intelligence, 4(3-4), pp.181-201.
Simon, H. A. 1976. From substantive to procedural rationality. In 25 years of economic theory (pp.65-86). Springer, Boston, MA.
Stowell, F. 1989. Organisational power and the metaphor commodity (Systems Prospects (pp. 147-153). Springer.
Stowell, F., and Welch, C. 2012. The manager's guide to systems practice: making sense of complex problems. John Wiley and Sons.
Tarter, C. J., and Hoy, W. K. 1998. Toward a contingency theory of decision making. Journal of educational administration, 36(3), pp.212-228.
Vickers, G. 1965. The art of judgment: A study of policy making. Basic Books.
Voss, J. F. 1988. Problem solving and reasoning in ill-structured domains.
Voss, J. F. 2005. Toulmin’s model and the solving of ill-structured problems. Argumentation, 19(3), pp.321-329.
Voss, J. F. 2014. On the Solving oi III-Structured Problems. The nature of expertise, 261.
Voss, J. F., Greene, T. R., Post, T. A., and Penner, B. C. 1983. Problem-solving skill in the social sciences. Psychology of learning and motivation, 17, pp.165-213.
Wilson, B. 2001. Soft systems methodology: Conceptual model building and its contribution. John Wiley & Sons, LT.
Yearworth, M., and Edwards, G. 2014. On the desirability of integrating research methods into overall systems approaches in the training of engineers: analysis using SSM. Systems research and behavioral science, 31(1), pp.47-66.
Zexian, Y., and Xuhui, Y. 2010. A revolution in the field of systems thinking—a review of Checkland's system thinking. Systems research and behavioral science, 27(2), pp.140-155.
