تأثیر تنش آبی و پساب شهری بر غلظت فلزات سنگین، عملکرد و ویژگی‌های‌کیفی ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 11، دوره 37، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 59، آبان 1402، صفحه 723-739   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2023.79332.1203

نویسندگان

سعید شیوخی سوغانلو^{* 1}؛ محمدعلی غلامی¹؛ یوسف قاسمی²

¹گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

²گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور ارزیابی تأثیر تنش آبی و پساب شهری بر غلظت فلزات سنگین، عملکرد و برخی ویژگی­های گیاه ریحان، آزمایشی در قالب فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل؛ عامل اول منبع آبیاری (I) در دو سطح )پساب و آب چاه) و عامل دوم تنش آبی (S) در شش سطح کم­ترین تنش (S1 and S2)، تنش متوسط (S3 and S4) و تنش شدید (S5 and S6) در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری اجرا شد. بر پایه یافته­ها، آبیاری با پساب باعث افزایش ارتفاع گیاه، وزن تر، وزن خشک، قطر ساقه، میزان کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و کارتنوئید در مقایسه با آبیاری با آب چاه شد. در حالی‌که تأثیر چندانی بر میزان فلاونوئید، فنل و فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی نداشت. در شرایط ایجاد کم­ترین تنش بویژه سطح S1، میزان کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل، کارتنوئید، فلاونوئید، فنل و فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی برگ ریحان به­ترتیب با کاهش 3/63، 8/32، 7/40، 8/45، 3/46، 5/55 و 8/9 درصدی نسبت به شرایط تنش شدید S6، روبه­رو شد. این در حالی بود که بیشترین میزان ارتفاع گیاه، وزن تر، وزن خشک و قطر ساقه در سطح کم­ترین تنش S1، به­ترتیب با 6/48 سانتی­متر، 5/11 و 51/3 گرم در تک بوته و 4/3 میلی­متر مشاهده شد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که غلظت فلزات سرب و کادمیوم تحت تاثیر اثر متقابل منبع آبیاری و تنش آبی قرار گرفت. به‌طوری‌که بیشترین غلظت سرب و کادمیوم در تیمار آبیاری با پساب و سطوح تنش S4 و S5 به­ترتیب با 42/13، 40/13، 50/10 و 53/10 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم مشاهده شد. این در حالی بود که غلظت فلزات کروم و نیکل دستخوش تغییرات چندانی نشد. بر پایه یافته­ها، می­توان سطوح تنش S4 و S5 را در بهره­وری آب مناسب دانست و استفاده از پساب شهری در آبیاری گیاه ریحان را با در نظر گرفتن استانداردهای مجاز موجود، توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارتفاع گیاه؛ تنش شدید؛ فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی؛ کادمیوم؛ کلروفیل کل

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