تأثیر طیف‌های مختلف نور بر عملکرد فتوسنتزی، شاخص‌های رشد و میزان اسانس گیاه مریم گلی (Salvia officinalis L.)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 17، دوره 37، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 59، آبان 1402، صفحه 821-841   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2023.78806.1211

نویسندگان

مهدی مرادی¹؛ بهرام عابدی^{* 1}؛ حسین آرویی^{* 1}؛ ساسان علی نیائی فرد²؛ کمال قاسمی بزدی³

¹گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²آزمایشگاه فتوسنتز، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

³سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

نور منبع انرژی برای فتوسنتز و عاملی تحریک‌کننده برای رشد و نمو گیاه می‌باشد. جنبه‌های مختلف نور شامل شدت، کیفیت و دوره تابش نور، رشد و نمو گیاهان و واکنش مربوط به روابط گازی آنها را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. در مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی عملکرد فتوسنتزی، شاخص‌های رشدی و میزان اسانس گیاه مریم گلی در واکنش به طیف‌های مختلف نوری از شش تیمار نوری شامل نور سفید، قرمز، آبی و سه نور ترکیبی (قرمز30:آبی70، قرمز50:آبی50 و قرمز70:آبی30) ساطع شده از لامپ‌های LED با شدت نوری 10±250 میکرومول فوتون بر متر مربع در ثانیه در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار استفاده شد. نتایج به‌دست آمده حاکی از تاثیر معنی‌دار طیف‌های مختلف نوری بر صفات مورد بررسی در سطح پنج و یک درصد بود. درصد بیشتر نور قرمز به ویژه نور ترکیبی قرمز70:آبی30 باعث بهبود شاخص‌های رشدی گیاه گردید. ارزیابی‌های فتوسنتزی نشان داد بیشترین شدت فلورسانس در تمامی مراحل تست OJIP متعلق به نور قرمز و کمترین مقدار فلورسانس در نورهای ترکیبی قرمز50:آبی50 و قرمز70:آبی30 بود. کارایی سیستم تجزیه آب فتوسیستم II (F_v/F₀) و حداکثر کارائی فتوسیستم II (F_v/F_m) در تیمار نور قرمز حداقل بودند. نور قرمز باعث کاهش شاخص کارایی سیستم به ازای نور جذب شده (PI_ABS) و افزایش عملکرد کوانتومی اتلاف انرژی (ФD₀)، میزان جذب نور به ازای هر مرکز واکنش (ABS/RC) و میزان گرفتن الکترون (TR₀/RC) شد. بیشترین و کمترین گشودگی دهانه‌ی روزنه به‌ترتیب در نور آبی و قرمز به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش نسبت نور قرمز، ابعاد و منفذ روزنه کوچکتر و موجب کاهش نرخ تعرق و اتلاف آب برگ و بهبود قابلیت حفظ آب برگ شد و بالعکس گیاهانی که تحت نور آبی پرورش یافته‌اند، دارای روزنه‌های بزرگتر با شکاف روزنه‌ای عریض‌تر بودند. طول و عرض روزنه در محیط نوری آبی نسبت به نور قرمز به‌ترتیب 52/20 و 47/10 درصد افزایش نشان داد. به نظر می‌رسد به وجود آمدن این خصوصیات روزنه‌ای در شرایط با نسبت زیاد نور آبی باعث افزایش هدایت روزنه‌ای و افزایش نرخ تعرق و کاهش محتوی نسبی آب برگ در گیاهان پرورش‌یافته در نور آبی گردیده است. بیشترین مقدار اسانس (75/1 درصد حجمی وزنی) در محیط نوری قرمز70:آبی30 مشاهده شد و نسبت به نور سفید افزایش 33/32 درصدی را نشان داد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد، برای تولید تجاری گیاه مریم گلی در محیط‌های کنترل شده با سیستم‌های نوردهی مصنوعی برای بهینه‌شدن تبادلات گازی گیاه (فتوسنتز و تعرق)، بهبود خصوصیات رشدی و فیتوشیمیایی، نور ترکیبی قرمز70:آبی30 مناسب می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسانس؛ رشد؛ فتوسنتز؛ کیفیت نور؛مریم گلی؛ OJIP

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