بررسی رابطه انواع سرمایه با تأکید بر سرمایه اجتماعی و روحیه کارآفرینی

اقتصاد و توسعه منطقه ای

دوره 29، پاییز و زمستان 24، اسفند 1401، صفحه 215-246   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/erd.2023.78464.1144

نویسندگان

مریم سادات افخمی مصطفوی؛ مسعود ایمانیان اردبیلی^* ؛ مهناز امیرپور

گروه علوم اجتماعی، واحد قوچان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قوچان، ایران

چکیده

افزایش بی‌سابقۀ میزان بیکاری بین دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاهی از یک‌سو و عدم توانایی دولت در استخدام آن‌ها از سوی دیگر، نشان‌دهندۀ این است که مقوله کارآفرینی باید به‌طورجدی موردتوجه قرار گیرد. بر این اساس، هدف تحقیق حاضر شناسایی وضعیت روحیه کارآفرینی در بین دانشجویان و بررسی رابطه انواع سرمایه (با تأکید بر سرمایه اجتماعی) بر روحیه کارآفرینی آنان است. این پژوهش به روش کمی انجام شده است. جامعۀ آماری آن، دانشجویان سه مقطع کارشناسی، کارشناسی ارشد و دکترای دانشگاه فردوسی و علوم پزشکی مشهد است که 442 نفر از آنان به‌صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه محقق ساخته است که با استفاده از اعتبار محتوا و اعتبار سازه، تعیین اعتبار و با استفاده از همسانی درونی به روش آلفای کرونباخ تعیین پایایی شدند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که از بین انواع سرمایه، سرمایه فرهنگی (r=-0.219) و اقتصادی (r=0.159) رابطه معناداری با روحیه کارآفرینی دارند. همچنین از بین انواع سرمایه اجتماعی، سرمایه معطوف به روابط دوستی و خانوادگی رابطه معنادار مثبتی با روحیه کارآفرینی دارند؛ درحالی‌که رابطه سرمایه نهادی با روحیه کارآفرینی رابطه منفی است. این نتایج نشان می‌دهد که علاوه بر تقویت سرمایه اجتماعی، لازم است که دانشگاه‌ها در مدل‌های آموزشی خود، افراد شاغل در محیط واقعی را در بحث آموزش در دانشگاه درگیر نمایند. چراکه این نوع برنامه‌ها دانشجویان را در مسائل و چالش‌های تجربه شده به‌وسیله کارآفرینان در موقعیت واقعی زندگی درگیر می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

روحیۀ کارآفرینی؛ سرمایۀ فرهنگی؛ سرمایۀ اقتصادی؛ سرمایه اجتماعی

مراجع

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