اخلاق آب

فصلنامه آب و توسعه پایدار

مقاله 7، دوره 9، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 26، اسفند 1401، صفحه 59-76   

نوع مقاله: مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jwsd.v9i4.2206.1160

نویسنده

مسعود رضایی^*

دانشیار گروه علوم طبیعی، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مصرف آب در قرن گذشته دو برابر بیش از جمعیت جهان رشد کرده و سرزمین‏های بی‌شماری از جهان با کمبود آب روبه‏رو هستند یا در آینده مواجه خواهند شد. دسترسی به آب تهدیدی بزرگ برای صلح جهانی در قرن حاضر شناخته شده است و چالش‌‏های اخلاقی مربوط به آب در اولویت قرار گرفته‌اند. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش مرور نظام‌مند سه دیدگاه بنیادی وظیفه‌گرایی، پیامدگرایی و فضیلت‌گرایی در فلسفه محیط‌زیست و کاربردهای آنها در مدیریت و سیاست‌گذاری آب را بررسی کرده است. هر یک از سه دیدگاه پیدایش رویکردهای اخلاقی گوناگون در زمینه آب را در پی داشته است، اما روشن است که در هر سه دیدگاه انسان ‌محوری نگاه غالب بوده است و نگرش اخلاقی درباره غیرانسان‌ها کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. علاوه‏بر‏این، رویکردهای اخلاقی به آب با ضعف‌هایی نیز روبه‌‏رو هستند و برای مدیریت آب به رویکردی یکپارچه و کل‎نگر نیاز است که انسان‌ها و بوم‌نظام‌های آبی را در هم آمیزد و از یک جانبه‌گرایی پرهیز کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آب؛ اخلاق؛ انسان ‌محوری؛ غیرانسان ‌محوری

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7-2206.1160.pdf

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