ارزیابی روش‌های بومی مورد استفاده جهت افزایش تنوع زیستی: مطالعه موردی در بوم‌نظام‌های زراعی غرب استان خراسان رضوی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 5، دوره 16، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 60، تیر 1403، صفحه 287-315   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2023.80749.1140

نویسندگان

مریم جوادی¹؛ محسن جهان^{* 2}؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی¹

¹گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از بزرگ‌ترین مشکلات بوم‌نظام‌های رایج کشاورزی از بین رفتن تنوع زیستی می‌باشد. در همین راستا، نتایج تحقیقات نشان می‌دهد که کاربرد دانش بومی در این بوم‌نظام‌ها، موجب حفاظت و مدیریت تنوع زیستی می‌شود. در همین راستا، جهت بررسی روش‌های سنتی مورد استفاده برای افزایش تنوع زیستی کشاورزی در بوم‌نظام‌های زراعی، پژوهشی بر پایه روش ارزیابی مشارکت روستایی اجرا شد. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از پرسش‌نامه‌های تکمیل شده از طریق مصاحبه حضوری با 453 کشاورز از 18 روستا در دو شهرستان ششتمد و سبزوار واقع در غرب خراسان رضوی به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که اگر چه بوم‌نظام‌های کشاورزی در این مناطق از سیستم‌های معیشتی فاصله گرفته و به سمت سیستم‌های بازاربنیان سوق یافته است، امّا کشاورزان بومی در این مناطق از انواع روش‌ها مانند کشت مخلوط، کاشت گیاهان در حاشیه مزارع، تناوب، آیش، تعویض بذور، تلفیق دام در کنار زراعت و باغداری، برای افزایش تنوع در مزارع خود بهره می‌برند. از نظر نوع گیاهان و خانواده‌های گیاهی مورد استفاده، بین روستاها، بخش‌ها و دو شهرستان مورد نظر تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود داشت. در بین روستاهای مورد مطالعه، روستاهایی با آب‌و‌هوای مساعدتر و منابع آبی بیشتر، قادر به ارائه سیستم‌هایی با تنوع زیستی بیشتر بودند. در تمامی روستاهای مورد مطالعه، کشاورزان از بیشتر از یک روش، برای افزایش تنوع مزارع خود استفاده می‌کردند. نکته قابل توجه در مورد این سیستم‌ها، اقدام به دامپروری و باغداری در کنار زراعت بود که این مسئله موجب تاب‌آوری اقتصادی بیشتر کشاورزان به‌خصوص در شرایط نامناسب آب‌و‌هوایی می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارزیابی مشارکتی روستایی؛ امنیت غذایی؛ تاب‌آوری؛ سیستم‌های بازاربنیان؛ سیستم‌های معیشتی

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