مطالعه واکنش صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد گندم به کاربرد تلفیقی کود شیمیایی نیتروژن با کمپوست بقایای نیشکر در شرایط تنش گرمایی

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 7، دوره 21، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 71، مهر 1402، صفحه 363-383   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2023.81634.1236

نویسندگان

معصومه مکوندی¹؛ عبدالمهدی بخشنده²؛ علی مشتطی^{* 2}؛ محمدرضا مرادی تلاوت²؛ آیدین خدایی جوقان²

¹دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

²گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر مصرف تلفیقی کود شیمیایی نیتروژن با کمپوست بقایای نیشکر و باکتری محرک رشد گیاه (با نام تجاری نیتروکسین) بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد گندم رقم چمران 2 در شرایط تنش گرمای آخر فصل اهواز، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های دو بار خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1401-1400 در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایشی شامل سه تاریخ کاشت یک آذر، 20 آذر و 10 دی در کرت‌های اصلی؛ شش سطح مصرف تلفیقی نیتروژن با کمپوست شامل شاهد (بدون نیتروژن و کمپوست)، 100 درصد نیتروژن، 75 درصد نیتروژن+ 25 درصد کمپوست، 50 درصد نیتروژن+ 50 درصد کمپوست، 25 درصد نیتروژن+ 75 درصد کمپوست و 100 درصد کمپوست در کرت‌های فرعی و دو سطح کاربرد و عدم کاربرد باکتری در کرت‌های فرعی فرعی بود. در این آزمایش صفات محتوای آب نسبی برگ، ثبات حرارتی غشاء سلول، کاهش دمای پوشش گیاهی، طول دوره کاشت تا گلدهی، طول دوره پر شدن دانه، طول دوره کاشت تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، سرعت پر شدن دانه، تعداد دانه در متر مربع، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه اندازه‌گیری شدند. تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت، مصرف تلفیقی نیتروژن با کمپوست و باکتری، بر صفات محتوای آب نسبی برگ، طول دوره کاشت تا گلدهی و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار شد. مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که بیشترین محتوای نسبی آب برگ (87.30 درصد)، ثبات حرارتی غشای سلول (82.90 درصد) و کاهش دمای پوشش گیاهی (11.21 درجه سانتی‌گراد) در 100 درصد کمپوست و بیشترین طول دوره کاشت تا گلدهی (102.66 روز) و طول دوره کاشت تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک (152.38 روز) در 100 درصد نیتروژن حاصل شد. به‌طور کلی و با توجه به نتایج حاصله در مناطق دارای تنش گرمایی آخر فصل، می‌توان مصرف تلفیقی 50 درصد نیتروژن+ 50 درصد کمپوست و باکتری را برای افزایش عملکرد گندم مدنظر قرار داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش گرما؛ خوزستان؛ کود آلی؛ کود زیستی؛ گندم

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