Taʿlīkī-Zāde Mehmed Subhi Çelebi and the Capture of Tabriz (A. H. 993/A. D. 1585)

تاریخ و فرهنگ

Article 2, Volume 54, Issue 2 - Serial Number 109, October 2022, Pages 47-64   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jhistory.2023.80454.1197

Authors

Mohammad Ali Parghoo¹; Vali Din Parast¹; Alireza Karimi¹; Khalil Mohammadi^{* 2}

¹Associate Professor, University of Tabriz

²PhD Candidate, History of Iran in Islamic Era, University of Tabriz

Abstract

ʿUthmān Pāshā, son of Özdimīr, the Circassian grand vizier and Commander-in-Chief of the Ottoman army attacked Tabriz with a massive army in A.H. 993/ A.D. 1585 upon the orders of Sultan Murād ʿUthmānī III. The Ottoman forces completely overpowered the Șafavīd army and gained control over the city rather easily, due to the incompetence and physical weakness of the Safavid  king, and division and dispersion among the leaders of Qizilbāsh tribes. In this way, the Ottomans established dominance over Tabriz (the most important city of Iran at that time) for nearly two decades. The Safavid  defeat and the capture of Tabriz have been proudly mentioned in many Ottoman resources and are reflected in the works of several Ottoman historians, both earlier and later. Among these works, one is " Murādnāme" or " Tabrīzīyye" by Taʿlīkī-Zāde Mehmed Subhi Çelebi Efendi .
The author of this work witnessed the attack on Tabriz and recorded some of the events of this military campaign. The present article investigates this work and explores the state of affairs for the people of Tabriz as a fallen city, facing incursion and massacre. The events recorded in  Tabrīzīyyeh  are part of the unspoken social history of people of Tabriz during that period. The present research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and adopts the library method, relying on Safavid -Ottoman resources and some of the more recent work, shedding light on some of the hidden aspects of Ottoman’s affairs in Tabriz following the city’s capture, and providing a better understanding of the city’s urban space and the ethics and costumes of its inhabitants.

Keywords

Tabriz; The Safavid; The Ottomans; Taʿlīkī-Zāde; Tabrīzīyyeh

References

Abūbakr ibn ʻAbd Allāh, Tārīkh-iʻUsmānpāshā. ed. Nasr Allāh Ṣāliḥī. Tehran: Intishārāt Ṭahūrī, 2013/1392.

Afūshtah-ī Naṭanzī, Maḥmūd ibn Hidāyat Allāh .Naqāvat al-Āsār fī Zikr al-Akhyār. ed. Iḥsān Ishrāqī. Tehran: Bungāh Tarjumah va Nashr Kitāb, 1971/1350.

Arūjbīg Bayāt. Dūn Zhūʾan Irānī. translated by Masʿūd Rajabnīyā. Tehran: Bungāh Tarjumah va Nashr Kitāb, 1959/1338.

Junābadī, Mīrzā Bayg. Rawḍa al-Ṣafawīya. ed. Ghulāmriżā Ṭabāṭabāyī Majd. Tehran: Bunyād Mūqūfāt-i Duktur Maḥmūd Afshār Yazdī, 1999/1378.

Naima, Mustafa Halabi Efendi. Ravzat ül-Hüseyn fi Hulasat-i Ahbar il-Hafıkeyn Meşhur bi Tarih-ı  Naima. Istanbul: Maṭbaʻa-yi ʻĀmira, 1864/1281,1866-1283.

Navāyī, ʻAbd al-Ḥusayn. Shāh ʿAbbās; Majmūʿah-yi Asnād va Mukātibāt Tārīkhī Hamrāh bā Yāddāsht-hā-yi Tafṣīlī. Tehran: Zarrīn, 1988/1367.

Peçevi, Ibrahim Efendi. Tārīkh-i Peçevi. Istanbul: Maṭbaʻa-yi ʻĀmira, 1866/1283.

Qumī, Qāżī Aḥmad ibn Sharaf al-Dīn. Khulāṣa al-Tawārīkh. ed. Iḥsān Ishrāqī. Tehran: University of Tehran, 1980/1359.

Selaniki, Mustafa Efendi. Tarih-ı Selaniki. Istanbul: Maṭbaʻa-yi ʻĀmira, 1864/1281.

Shīkh Vafāyī Muḥammad. Tavārīkh-i Ghazavāt-i Sulṭān Murād-i Sālis. Nuskhih-yi Khaṭṭī.

Sulakzade, Mehmet Hemdemi Çelebi. Sulakzade Tarihi. Istanbul: Maṭbaʿa Mahmud Bey, 1880/1298.

Talikizade, Mehmet Subhi Çelebi Efendi ibn  Mehmet Fenari. Muradname ya Tebriziye. Nuskhih-yi Khaṭṭī Maūjūd dar:

Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi, Türkçe Yazmaları, İstanbul, Demirbaş No: R. 1299

Turkamān, Iskandarbīg. Tārīkh ʻĀlam Ārāy ʻAbbāsī. ed. Iraj Afshār. Tehran: Amīr Kabīr, 2003/1382.

Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı. Tārīkh-i ʻUsmānī. Translated by Vahāb-i Valī,  Tehran: Mūʾassisa-yi Muṭāliʿāt va Taḥqīqāt-i Farhangī, 1993/1372.

Vālih Iṣfahānī, Muḥammad Yūsuf. Khuld-i Barīn. ed. Mīr Hāshim Muḥaddis. Tehran: Bunyād Mūqūfāt-i Duktur Maḥmūd Afshār Yazdī, 1993/1372.