Analysis of Urban Waste Management Using System Dynamics Approach

Journal of Systems Thinking in Practice

مقاله 2، دوره 2، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 6، دی 2023، صفحه 21-45   

نوع مقاله: Research Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jstinp.2023.84193.1073

نویسندگان

Ali Morovati Sharifabadi^* ؛ Mehran Ziaeian

Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economic, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd. Iran.

چکیده

Nowadays, the increase in waste generated by citizens and its consequences, including environmental pollution, human and animal health endangerment, and depletion of natural resources, have become fundamental issues and challenges in Isfahan. The research proposes a comprehensive and systemic model to offer effective solutions for reducing waste volume by applying a system dynamics approach within Isfahan. In order to achieve this objective, the study first identified and localized the influencing factors on waste generation within the city by reviewing pertinent literature and research background, as well as consulting experts and officials from Isfahan. Subsequently, the relationships between these factors were delineated using insights from 32 experts and officials from Isfahan, who were selected through a snowball sampling. A causal loop diagram was constructed based on the identified relationships among factors affecting waste generation. Moreover, a stock-and-flow diagram was developed based on information extracted from municipal records of the identified variables' quantities and values. The results of this study demonstrate the significance of investing in waste collection equipment and advertising to raise citizens' awareness and reduce waste production in Isfahan. These efforts play a crucial role in decreasing the overall volume of urban waste. Moreover, they contribute to the saving and sustainability of resources while enhancing the city's beauty, ultimately attracting more tourists.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Urban waste management؛ System dynamics؛ Urban waste؛ Isfahan municipality

مراجع

Abubakar, I.R., Maniruzzaman, K.M., Dano, U.L., AlShihri, F.S., AlShammari, M.S., Ahmed, S.M.S., Al-Gehlani, W.A.G. and Alrawaf, T.I., 2022. Environmental sustainability impacts of solid waste management practices in the global South. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), p.12717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912717.

Adeniran, A.A. and Shakantu, W., 2022. The health and environmental impact of plastic waste disposal in South African Townships: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), p.779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020779.

Afshar, F., Abbaspour, M., Lahijanian, A.A.M. and Azizinezhad, R., 2021. Analysis of Factors Affecting Social Participation in Municipal Waste Management. Environmental Energy and Economic Research, 5(1), pp.1-19. https://doi.org/10.22097/eeer.2020.245299.1168.

Ali, S.M., Pervaiz, A., Afzal, B., Hamid, N. and Yasmin, A., 2014. Open dumping of municipal solid waste and its hazardous impacts on soil and vegetation diversity at waste dumping sites of Islamabad city. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 26(1), pp.59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2013.08.003.

Almasi, A., Mohammadi, M., Azizi, A., Berizi, Z., Shamsi, K., Shahbazi, A. and Mosavi, S.A., 2019. Assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of the kermanshahi women towards reducing, recycling and reusing of municipal solid waste. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, pp.329-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.017.

Almulhim, A.I., 2022. Household's awareness and participation in sustainable electronic waste management practices in Saudi Arabia. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(4), p.101729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101729.

Arifin, M.H., Kayode, J.S., Ismail, M.K.I., Abdullah, A.M., Embrandiri, A., Nazer, N.S.M. and Azmi, A., 2021. A novel method for the quantification of industrial and municipal waste materials for environmental hazard assessment. MethodsX, 8, p.101182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2020.101182.

Anuardo, R.G., Espuny, M., Costa, A.C.F. and Oliveira, O.J., 2022. Toward a cleaner and more sustainable world: A framework to develop and improve waste management through organizations, governments and academia. Heliyon, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09225.

Bányai, T., Tamás, P., Illés, B., Stankevičiūtė, Ž. and Bányai, Á., 2019. Optimization of municipal waste collection routing: Impact of industry 4.0 technologies on environmental awareness and sustainability. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(4), p.634. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040634.

Batool, S.A. and Ch, M.N., 2009. Municipal solid waste management in Lahore city district, Pakistan. Waste management, 29(6), pp.1971-1981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.12.016.

Beyene, H.D., Werkneh, A.A. and Ambaye, T.G., 2018. Current updates on waste to energy (WtE) technologies: a review. Renewable Energy Focus, 24, pp.1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2017.11.001.

Boldrin, A., Andersen, J.K., Møller, J., Christensen, T.H. and Favoino, E., 2009. Composting and compost utilization: accounting of greenhouse gases and global warming contributions. Waste Management & Research, 27(8), pp.800-812. https://doi/abs/10.1177/0734242x09345275.

Chen, W., Wang, Y., Ren, Y., Yan, H. and Shen, C., 2022. A novel methodology (WM-TCM) for urban health examination: A case study of Wuhan in China. Ecological Indicators, 136, p.108602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108602.

Chen, X., Geng, Y. and Fujita, T., 2010. An overview of municipal solid waste management in China. Waste management, 30(4), pp.716-724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.10.011.

Corrente, S., Ingrao, C., Punzo, A. and Matarazzo, A., 2023. Evaluating citizens' satisfaction on the urban environmental management through a multi-criteria approach: An application experience in Sicily. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 99, p.107029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2022.107029.

Crutchik, D., Barboza, J., Vázquez-Padín, J.R., Pedrouso, A., Del Río, Á.V., Mosquera-Corral, A. and Campos, J.L., 2023. Integrating food waste management into urban wastewater treatment: Economic and environmental impacts. Journal of environmental management, 345, p.118517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118517.

Das, S., Lee, S.H., Kumar, P., Kim, K.H., Lee, S.S. and Bhattacharya, S.S., 2019. Solid waste management: Scope and the challenge of sustainability. Journal of cleaner production, 228, pp.658-678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.323.

Fadda, E., Gobbato, L., Perboli, G., Rosano, M. and Tadei, R., 2018. Waste collection in urban areas: A case study. Interfaces, 48(4), pp.307-322. https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.2018.0943.

Ferronato, N., Alarcón, G.P.P., Lizarazu, E.G.G. and Torretta, V., 2021. Assessment of municipal solid waste collection in Bolivia: Perspectives for avoiding uncontrolled disposal and boosting waste recycling options. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 167, p.105234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105234.

Fidowaty, T., Wulantika, L. and Mulyana, A., 2022. Waste Management Based on Smart City Management by Using Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology. ABDIMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(1), pp.1756-1762. https://doi.org/10.35568/abdimas.v5i1.1763 .

Figueroa, V.K., Mackie, K.R., Guarriello, N. and Cooper, C.D., 2009. A robust method for estimating landfill methane emissions. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 59(8), pp.925-935. https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.59.8.925.

Forrester, J.W. and Brink, H.M., 1961. Industrial Dynamics, MITPress. Cambridge, MA.

Fratta, K.D.D.S.A., Toneli, J.T.D.C.L. and Antonio, G.C., 2019. Diagnosis of the management of solid urban waste of the municipalities of ABC Paulista of Brasil through the application of sustainability indicators. Waste Management, 85, pp.11-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.001.

Golroudbary, S.R. and Zahraee, S.M., 2015. System dynamics model for optimizing the recycling and collection of waste material in a closed-loop supply chain. Simulation modelling practice and theory, 53, pp.88-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2015.02.001.

 

Hosseinalizadeh, R., Izadbakhsh, H. and Shakouri, H., 2021. A planning model for using municipal solid waste management technologies-considering Energy, Economic, and Environmental Impacts in Tehran-Iran. Sustainable Cities and Society, 65, p.102566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102566.

Jaligot, R. and Chenal, J., 2018. Decoupling municipal solid waste generation and economic growth in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 130, pp.260-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.12.014

Jha, A.K., Sharma, C., Singh, N., Ramesh, R., Purvaja, R. and Gupta, P.K., 2008. Greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste management in Indian mega-cities: A case study of Chennai landfill sites. Chemosphere, 71(4), pp.750-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.024.

Jouhara, H., Czajczyńska, D., Ghazal, H., Krzyżyńska, R., Anguilano, L., Reynolds, A.J. and Spencer, N., 2017. Municipal waste management systems for domestic use. Energy, 139, pp.485-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.162.

Jung, J.U., 2017. Reducing Subjectivity in the System Dynamics Modeling Process: An Interdisciplinary Approach. In Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning–IDEAL 2017: 18th International Conference, Guilin, China, October 30–November 1, 2017, Proceedings 18,pp. 365-375.Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68935-7_40.

Karak, T., Bhagat, R.M. and Bhattacharyya, P., 2012. Municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management: the world scenario. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 42(15), pp.1509-1630. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2011.569871.

Koda, E., Sieczka, A. and Osinski, P., 2016. Ammonium concentration and migration in groundwater in the vicinity of waste management site located in the neighborhood of protected areas of Warsaw, Poland. Sustainability, 8(12), p.1253. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121253.

Kollikkathara, N., Feng, H. and Yu, D., 2010. A system dynamic modeling approach for evaluating municipal solid waste generation, landfill capacity and related cost management issues. Waste management, 30(11), pp.2194-2203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.05.012.

Kumar, A. and Agrawal, A., 2020. Recent trends in solid waste management status, challenges, and potential for the future Indian cities–A review. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 2, p.100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2020.100011.

Kumar, S., Smith, S.R., Fowler, G., Velis, C., Kumar, S.J., Arya, S., Rena, Kumar, R. and Cheeseman, C., 2017. Challenges and opportunities associated with waste management in India. Royal Society open science, 4(3), p.160764. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160764.

Kunc, M., 2017, December. System dynamics: A soft and hard approach to modelling. In 2017 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC) (pp. 597-606). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2017.8247818,

Leal Filho, W., Brandli, L., Moora, H., Kruopienė, J. and Stenmarck, Å., 2016. Benchmarking approaches and methods in the field of urban waste management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, pp.4377-4386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.065.

Lehmann, S., 2011. Optimizing urban material flows and waste streams in urban development through principles of zero waste and sustainable consumption. Sustainability, 3(1), pp.155-183. https://doi.org/10.3390/su3010155.

Liu, A., Ren, F., Lin, W.Y. and Wang, J.Y., 2015. A review of municipal solid waste environmental standards with a focus on incinerator residues. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 4(2), pp.165-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2015.11.002.

Magazzino, C., Mele, M. and Schneider, N., 2020. The relationship between municipal solid waste and greenhouse gas emissions: Evidence from Switzerland. Waste Management, 113, pp.508-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.033.

Magnanelli, E., Tranås, O.L., Carlsson, P., Mosby, J. and Becidan, M., 2020. Dynamic modeling of municipal solid waste incineration. Energy, 209, p.118426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118426.

Mariyam, S., Cochrane, L., Zuhara, S. and McKay, G., 2022. Waste management in Qatar: A systematic literature review and recommendations for system strengthening. Sustainability, 14(15), p.8991. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14158991.

Mbina, A.A. and Edem, E.E., 2015. Challenges of urban waste management in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria. waste management, 7(2).

Mian, M.M., Zeng, X., Nasry, A.A.N.B. and Al-Hamadani, S.M., 2017. Municipal solid waste management in China: a comparative analysis. Journal of material cycles and waste management, 19, pp.1127-1135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-016-0509-9.

Mohareb, A.K., Warith, M.A. and Diaz, R., 2008. Modelling greenhouse gas emissions for municipal solid waste management strategies in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(11), pp.1241-1251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.06.006.

Moreno Solaz, H., Artacho-Ramírez, M.Á., Cloquell-Ballester, V.A. and Badenes Catalán, C., 2023. Prioritizing action plans to save resources and better achieve municipal solid waste management KPIs: An urban case study. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, (just-accepted). https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2023.2244461.

Nanda, S. and Berruti, F., 2021. A technical review of bioenergy and resource recovery from municipal solid waste. Journal of hazardous materials, 403, p.123970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123970.

Nelles, M., Gruenes, J. and Morscheck, G., 2016. Waste management in Germany–development to a sustainable circular economy?. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35, pp.6-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.001.

Nnaji, C.C., 2015. Status of municipal solid waste generation and disposal in Nigeria. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 26(1), pp.53-71. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-08-2013-0092.

Ogundele, O.M., Rapheal, O.M. and Abiodun, A.M., 2018. Effects of municipal waste disposal methods on community health in Ibadan-Nigeria. Polytechnica, 1(1-2), pp.61-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41050-018-0008-y.

Pervin, I.A., Rahman, S.M.M., Nepal, M., Haque, A.K.E., Karim, H. and Dhakal, G., 2020. Adapting to urban flooding: a case of two cities in South Asia. Water Policy, 22(S1), pp.162-188. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.174 .

Pinha, A.C.H. and Sagawa, J.K., 2020. A system dynamics modelling approach for municipal solid waste management and financial analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 269, p.122350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122350.

Przydatek, G., 2020. Assessment of changes in the municipal waste accumulation in Poland. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(20), pp.25766-25773. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08943-6.

Qu, J., Dai, X., Hu, H.Y., Huang, X., Chen, Z., Li, T., Cao, Y. and Daigger, G.T., 2022. Emerging trends and prospects for municipal wastewater management in China. ACS ES&T Engineering, 2(3), pp.323-336. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.1c00345.

Rai, R.K., Nepal, M., Khadayat, M.S. and Bhardwaj, B., 2019. Improving municipal solid waste collection services in developing countries: A case of Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Nepal. Sustainability, 11(11), p.3010. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113010.

Richardson, G.P. and Otto, P., 2008a. Applications of system dynamics in marketing. Journal of Business Research, 61(11), pp.1099-1101.

Richardson, G.P. and Otto, P., 2008b. Applications of system dynamics in marketing. Journal of Business Research, 61(11), pp.1099-1101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.11.003.

Ridho, H., Thamrin, M.H., Nasution, F.A. and Indainanto, Y.I., 2023. Disposition of waste management policy implementers through the regional cooperation scheme. https://dupakdosen.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/7236

Rodić, L. and Wilson, D.C., 2017. Resolving governance issues to achieve priority sustainable development goals related to solid waste management in developing countries. Sustainability, 9(3), p.404. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030404.

Romano, G., Lombardi, G.V., Rapposelli, A. and Gastaldi, M., 2022. The factors affecting Italian provinces’ separate waste-collection rates: An empirical investigation. Waste Management, 139, pp.217-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.037.

Rowe, R.K., Armstrong, M.D. and Cullimore, D.R., 2000. Mass loading and the rate of clogging due to municipal solid waste leachate. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37(2), pp.355-370. https://doi.org/10.1139/t99-107.

Santos, A.A., da Silva, A.F., Gouveia, A., Felgueiras, C. and Caetano, N., 2022. Reducing Volume to Increase Capacity—Measures to Reduce Transport Energy for Recyclable Waste Collection. Energies, 15(19), p.7351. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197351.

Sarigiannis, D.A., Handakas, E.J., Karakitsios, S.P. and Gotti, A., 2021. Life cycle assessment of municipal waste management options. Environmental Research, 193, p.110307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110307.

Seo, S., Aramaki, T., Hwang, Y. and Hanaki, K., 2004. Environmental impact of solid waste treatment methods in Korea. Journal of environmental engineering, 130(1), pp.81-89. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:1(81).

Sharma, K.D. and Jain, S., 2020. Municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management: the global scenario. Social Responsibility Journal, 16(6), pp.917-948. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-06-2019-0210.

Smol, M., Duda, J., Czaplicka-Kotas, A. and Szołdrowska, D., 2020. Transformation towards circular economy (CE) in municipal waste management system: Model solutions for Poland. Sustainability, 12(11), p.4561. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114561.

Sterman, J., 2000. Instructor's manual to accompany business dyanmics: systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. McGraw-Hill.

Sufian, M.A. and Bala, B.K., 2007. Modeling of urban solid waste management system: The case of Dhaka city. Waste management, 27(7), pp.858-868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.04.011.

Sukholthaman, P. and Sharp, A., 2016. A system dynamics model to evaluate effects of source separation of municipal solid waste management: A case of Bangkok, Thailand. Waste management, 52, pp.50-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.03.026.

Triassi, M., De Simone, B., Montuori, P., Russo, I., De Rosa, E., Di Duca, F., Crivaro, C., Cerullo, V., Pontillo, P. and Díez, S., 2023. Determination of Residual Municipal Solid Waste Composition from Rural and Urban Areas: A Step toward the Optimization of a Waste Management System for Efficient Material Recovery. Sustainability, 15(18), p.13378. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813378.

Tirkolaee, E.B., Mahdavi, I., Esfahani, M.M.S. and Weber, G.W., 2020. A robust green location-allocation-inventory problem to design an urban waste management system under uncertainty. Waste Management, 102, pp.340-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.038.

Tutunchian, S. and Altınbaş, M., 2023. Assessment of an appropriate integrated waste management plan targeting the Circular Economy based on the LCA method. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 25(1), pp.456-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-022-01552-0.

Tsoulfas, G.T. and Pappis, C.P., 2006. Environmental principles applicable to supply chains design and operation. Journal of Cleaner production, 14(18), pp.1593-1602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.05.021.

Valizadeh, J., 2020. A novel mathematical model for municipal waste collection and energy generation: case study of Kermanshah city. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 31(5), pp.1437-1453. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-02-2020-0027.

Vassanadumrongdee, S. and Kittipongvises, S., 2018. Factors influencing source separation intention and willingness to pay for improving waste management in Bangkok, Thailand. Sustainable Environment Research, 28(2), pp.90-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serj.2017.11.003.

Wang, W.J. and You, X.Y., 2021. Benefits analysis of classification of municipal solid waste based on system dynamics. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, p.123686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123686.

Wolstenholme, E.F., 1990. System enquiry: a system dynamics approach. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Xiao, S., Dong, H., Geng, Y., Tian, X., Liu, C. and Li, H., 2020. Policy impacts on Municipal Solid Waste management in Shanghai: A system dynamics model analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, p.121366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121366.

Xiao, L., Zhang, G., Zhu, Y. and Lin, T., 2017. Promoting public participation in household waste management: A survey based method and case study in Xiamen city, China. Journal of cleaner production, 144, pp.313-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.022.

Yao, L., Liu, T., Chen, X., Mahdi, M. and Ni, J., 2018. An integrated method of life-cycle assessment and system dynamics for waste mobile phone management and recycling in China. Journal of cleaner production, 187, pp.852-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.195.

Yao, X., Guo, Z., Liu, Y., Li, J., Feng, W., Lei, H. and Gao, Y., 2019. Reduction potential of GHG emissions from municipal solid waste incineration for power generation in Beijing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 241, p.118283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118283.

Yukalang, N., Clarke, B. and Ross, K., 2018. Solid waste management solutions for a rapidly urbanizing area in Thailand: Recommendations based on stakeholder input. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(7), p.1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071302.

Zanjani, A.J., Saeedi, M. and Vosoogh, A., 2012. The effect of the waste separation policy in municipal solid waste management using the system dynamic approach. International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, 1(1), p.5.

Zhang, S., Omar, A.H., Hashim, A.S., Alam, T., Khalifa, H.A.E.W. and Elkotb, M.A., 2023. Enhancing waste management and prediction of water quality in the sustainable urban environment using optimized algorithm of least square support vector machine and deep learning techniques. Urban Climate, 49, p.101487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101487.

Zhang, D.Q., Tan, S.K. and Gersberg, R.M., 2010. Municipal solid waste management in China: status, problems and challenges. Journal of environmental management, 91(8), pp.1623-1633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.03.012.

Zorpas, A.A., 2020. Strategy development in the framework of waste management. Science of the total environment, 716, p.137088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137088.