کاربرد نانوذرات نقره (Ag-NPs) در میکروب‌زدایی آب در سیستم‌های پرورش آبزیان و اثرات ناشی از رهایش آن در محیط

فصلنامه آب و توسعه پایدار

مقاله 11، دوره 10، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 28، شهریور 1402، صفحه 109-126   

نوع مقاله: مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jwsd.v10i2.2301-1209

نویسندگان

علیرضا رادخواه^{* 1}؛ سهیل ایگدری²

¹دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

²دانشیار، گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

تحقیق حاضر به‌منظور بررسی نقش نانوذرات نقره (Ag-NPs) در میکروب‌زدایی آب در سیستم‌های آبزی‌پروری و همچنین اثرات زیست‌محیطی ناشی از رهایش آن در محیط، صورت گرفت. بررسی‌ها نشان داد که مطالعات بسیار اندکی پیرامون اثرات ضد‌ویروسی نانوذرات نقره در سیستم‌های پرورشی آبزیان ثبت شده است، این در حالی است که نانوذرات نقره در برابر بسیاری از عوامل بیماری‌زای باکتریایی مانند Aeromonas و Vibrio و همچنین، عوامل قارچی مانند Aspergillus و Candida، تأثیرات مثبتی نشان دادند. از آنجایی‌که سویه‌های میکروبی مذکور، از مهم‌ترین و شایع‌ترین عوامل بیماری‌زا در سیستم‌های آبزی‌پروری ایران به‌شمار می‌روند، استفاده از نانوذرات نقره با مقدار مناسب (به‌شرطی که بیش از حدِ مُجاز نباشد) می‌تواند مفید باشد. بررسی منابع علمی مختلف نشان داد که سطح ایمن و مجاز نانوذرات نقره در بسیاری از گونه‌های پرورشی ماهی از جمله قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان، کپور نقره‌ای، کپور معمولی و ماهی گورخری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. با نظر به این موضوع، پرورش‌دهندگان می‌توانند با توجه به سطح ایمن و مجاز نانوذرات نقره برای هر کدام از گونه‌های آبزی، از این مواد به‌منظور کنترل و پیشگیری از شیوع بیماری‌های عفونی در سیستم‌های پرورشی استفاده نمایند. بر اساس مقایسه‌های انجام شده، اثرات ضدمیکروبی نانوذرات نقره در بین نانوذرات فلزی بسیار بالا است. با توجه به این مسأله، رهایش این مواد به درون اکوسیستم‌های آبزی می‌تواند سلامت بسیاری از آبزیان از جمله ماهیان را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد و حتی به‌واسطۀ انتقال نانوذرات نقره در زنجیره غذایی، اثرات منفی بر سلامت انسان داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نانوذرات نقره؛ آبزی‌پروری؛ ماهیان؛ سمیّت؛ خواص ضدباکتریایی

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