ارزیابی تولید و کارایی مصرف آب کلزا در رژیم‌های آبیاری و سطوح ورمی‌کمپوست در تاریخ کاشت‌های متفاوت

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 7، دوره 22، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 73، فروردین 1403، صفحه 103-120   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2023.83981.1263

نویسندگان

حمداله اسکندری¹؛ کامیار کاظمی^{* 2}

¹گروه علمی کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور،تهران، ایران

²گروه علمی کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت، کود ورمی‌کمپوست و قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی بر تولید دانه و روغن و کارایی مصرف آب کلزا به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات (تاریخ کاشت در کرت اصلی و آبیاری و ورمی‌کمپوست به‌صورت فاکتوریل در کرت فرعی) با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه پیام نور شادگان در سال زراعی 402-1401 اجرا گردید. تاریخ کاشت شامل دو تاریخ کاشت 25 آبان و 25 آذر، کود ورمی‌کمپوست شامل سه سطح صفر، 10 و 20 تن در هکتار و آبیاری شامل آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی بود. صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده شامل عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه، درصد و عملکرد روغن و کارایی مصرف آب (برای تولید دانه و روغن) بود. نتایج نشان داد عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت با کم‌آبیاری کلزا به‌ترتیب 16 و 13 درصد کاهش یافتند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2667 کیلوگرم در هکتار) کلزا در تاریخ کاشت 25 آبان همراه با آبیاری کامل (بدون قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی) به‌دست آمد و با تاخیر یک ماهه در کاشت (تاریخ کاشت 25 آذر)، عملکرد دانه کلزا حدود 58 درصد دچار افت گردید. کارایی مصرف آب کلزا (روغن) با قطع آبیاری 29 درصد افزایش یافت. کلزا در تاریخ کاشت 25 آبان از نظر صفات تعداد دانه در خورجین، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و کارایی مصرف آب به‌ترتیب 35، 25، 23، 18 و 38 درصد نسبت به تاریخ کاشت 25 آذر برتری داشت. قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی، عملکرد دانه، درصد روغن و عملکرد روغن کلزا را به‌ترتیب 58، 6 و 60 درصد کاهش داد. با کاشت کلزا در تاریخ 25 آبان و آبیاری کامل، بیشترین عملکرد دانه به‌دست می‌آید. با این حال، اثر احتمالی تاریخ کاشت‌های قبل از 25 آبان بر کاهش اثر قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی، نیاز به تحقیقات بیشتر دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

درصد روغن؛ عملکرد روغن؛ قطع آبیاری؛ کود؛ مصرف آب

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