مطالعۀ تطبیقی-کمی وحدت نمادی در بین جوامع و عوامل مؤثر برآن در بازه زمانی 1981-2022

علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

مقاله 5، دوره 21، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 50، دی 1403، صفحه 131-175   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی- کاربردی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/social.2024.87009.1483

نویسنده

علی سالار^*

استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه نیشابور، نیشابور، ایران

چکیده

وحدت نمادی، به‌عنوان یکی از مقتضیات اساسی نظم اجتماعی که در ادبیات جامعه‌شناختی با مفاهیم مشابه دیگری نظیر وفاق اجتماعی و ارزشی نیز شناخته شده است، همواره محل بررسی‌های نظری و تجربی بوده است. نظر به تأثیرات گوناگون وحدت نمادی بر وجوه متفاوت حیات اجتماعی نظیر رشد و توسعۀ اقتصادی، بی‌ثباتی اجتماعی و سیاسی، مشارکت سیاسی و انسجام اجتماعی، هدف از انجام تحقیق حاضر، بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر سطح وحدت نمادی جوامع بوده است. مطالعۀ حاضر با روش تحلیل پانلی داده‌های مربوط به 89 کشور در بازه زمانی سال‌های2022-1981، انجام گرفته است. همچنین، مطالعۀ حاضر، با استفاده از داده‌‌های تجمیعی هفت موج پیمایش ارزش‌های جهانی، شاخص جدیدی را با عنوان "سطح وحدت نمادی" در بازه صفر تا صد برای سال-کشورهای دارای داده ساخته است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که سطح فرامادی‌گرایی فرهنگ جوامع، بستر لازم برای کاهش سطح وحدت نمادی در جوامع را فراهم می‌سازد. همچنین، مهاجرت و سطح ارتباطات جهان‌وطنی جوامع، به سبب گسترش افق ارزشی و ورود ارزش‌های متفاوت از جوامع دیگر، زمینه‌ساز ظهور هویت‌های متفاوت و در نتیجه تضعیف حجم وجدان جمعی به تعبیر امیل دورکیم، یا کاهش سطح وحدت نمادی متعاقب در جوامع می‌شود. همچنین یافته‌ها نشان داد که سطح توسعه‌یافتگی اقتصادی پیشین جوامع، بر سطح وحدت نمادی متعاقب جوامع اثر کاهنده دارد. درمجموع و با توجه به پرپیامدی مسئلۀ وحدت نمادی به‌عنوان پیش‌شرط توسعۀ جامعوی و خطر بالقوۀ بروز اختلال اجتماعی، بخصوص برای جوامع درحال گذار و شکننده، توجه جدی‌تر برنامه‌ریزان و سیاست‌گذاران فرهنگی به مسئلۀ وحدت نمادی و نظم اجتماعی ضروری می‌نماید.
 
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

وحدت نمادی؛ وفاق اجتماعی؛ جهانی شدن؛ مهاجرت؛ توسعه اقتصادی

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