واکاوی مهم‌ترین متغیرهای اثرگذار بر امنیت آبی کشاورزی در استان مازندران

مجله اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی

دوره 38، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 64، مهر 1403، صفحه 294-279   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jead.2024.87497.1260

نویسندگان

فاطمه رزاقی بورخانی^{* 1}؛ طاهر عزیزی خالخیلی¹؛ علی اکبر براتی²

¹گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

²گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به محدود بودن منابع آب شیرین و تجدیدشونده در جهان، کمبود منابع آب از جمله بزرگترین مسائل پیش روی بشر است که منجر به افزایش مخاطرات مرتبط با آب شده است. بحران منابع آب با کاهش سطح تولید بر امنیت غذایی تأثیر منفی می‌گذارد. بخش کشاورزی به‌دلیل افزایش تولید و وابستگی زیاد به منابع آبی در دهه­های اخیر تحت تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی ناشی از افزایش میزان دما و کاهش سطح بارش با بحران کم­آبی مواجه بوده است. با توجه به اهمیت کشت آبی در استان مازندران و نقش مهم استان مازندران در امنیت غذایی کشور، مطالعه حاضر باهدف شناسایی مهم‌ترین متغیرهای اثرگذار در امنیت آبی استان مازندران انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 16 نفر از خبرگان موضوعی دارای سابقه تحقیقاتی یا اجرایی در حوزه‌های مرتبط با مطالعات آب، امنیت آبی و تغییر اقلیم بودند. انتخاب این افراد به روش هدفمند انجام شد. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها در این پژوهش پرسشنامه و روش جمع‌آوری داده‌ها مصاحبه حضوری بود. در ابتدا با استفاده از مرور ادبیات موضوع و مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ ساختارمند با خبرگان موضوعی، متغیرهای دخیل در امنیت آبی شناسایی شدند. سپس، از خبرگان خواسته شد تا اثرات متقاطع متغیرهای شناسایی‌شده را از طریق مقایسه زوجی ارزیابی کنند. در نهایت، تجزیه ‌و تحلیل داده‌ها به روش تحلیل اثرات متقابل با استفاده از نرم‌افزار MICMAC انجام شد. براساس نتایج، متغیر «مدیریت و حکمرانی خوب آب کشاورزی» در رتبه اول میزان اثرگذاری مستقیم قرار گرفت که نشان‌دهنده اهمیت قابل‌توجه این متغیر در مدیریت بحران آبی است. «کاهش میزان نزولات جوی به‌واسطه وقوع تغییرات اقلیمی»، «میزان و تنوع منابع آبی» و «سطح دانش و سواد زیست‌محیطی روستاییان» در رتبه‌های بعدی از نظر میزان تأثیرگذاری مستقیم بر امنیت آبی قرار گرفتند. حکمرانی خوب آب با تقویت مشارکت هم‌افزای بخش‌های دولتی، خصوصی و مردم‌نهاد، به‌منظور برنامه‌ریزی و سیاست‌گذاری امنیت غذایی (مبتنی بر رویکرد پیوند آب، انرژی و غذا) باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. در این راستا مدیریت بهینه مزرعه با عملیات خوب کشاورزی (GAP) و روش‌های کشاورزی حفاظتی و تاب‌آوری کشاورزان نسبت به تغییرات اقلیم، آگاه‌سازی و توانمندسازی کشاورزان از طریق گسترش سواد آبی و سواد زیست‌محیطی با مشارکت نهاد توانمندساز ترویج کشاورزی، پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

امنیت غذایی؛ بحران آب؛ پیوند آب و غذا؛ سیاست آب؛ مدیریت منابع آب

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