نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در بهبود تاب‌آوری خانوارهای روستایی در مقابل خشکسالی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان مشهد)

جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی

مقاله 14، دوره 13، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 52، دی 1403، صفحه 344-385   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/geoeh.2024.86899.1466

نویسندگان

مهری جهانسوزی^{* 1}؛ حسین فراهانی²؛ جمشید عینالی²؛ بهروز محمدی یگانه²

¹دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

²دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

امروزه جوامع روستایی بیشترین آسیب را از اثرات خشکسالی دیده ­اند. با توجه به آسیب ­پذیری خانوارهای روستایی توجه به سرمایه­ اجتماعی به‌عنوان یکی از مؤلفه‌های کلیدی تاب ­آوری، می ­تواند بهبود روند برنامه­ ریزی برای توسعه روستایی را تسهیل کند. لذا این پژوهش با هدف کلی بررسی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در بهبود ابعاد تاب­ آوری خانوارهای روستایی در شرایط خشکسالی در سطح شهرستان مشهد انجام گرفت. در این راستا از روش تحقیق پیمایشی با به‌کارگیری پرسشنامه استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری­، 11706 نفر از خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان مشهد است که بر پایه جدول مورگان، 372 خانوار با روش نمونه­ گیری تصادفی طبقه ­ای چندمرحله‌ای با انتساب متناسب انتخاب شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده ­ها، از مدل­ سازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM)، آزمون t تک نمونه­ ای و همبستگی پیرسون استفاده گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که خانوارهای مورد مطالعه از نظر وضعیت سرمایه اجتماعی در وضعیت مطلوبی قرار دارند اما از نظر وضعیت تاب‌آوری در وضعیت مناسبی نیستند. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که بین سرمایه اجتماعی و تمامی ابعاد تاب­ آوری خانوارهای روستایی رابطه مثبت و معنی­ داری وجود دارد. علاوه بر این نتایج مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری پژوهش نشان داد که ابعاد سرمایه اجتماعی با ضریب (82/0) اثر مثبتی بر ابعاد تاب­ آوری خانوارهای روستایی در برابر خشکسالی شهرستان مشهد دارد. در بین عوامل پنهان سرمایه اجتماعی عامل شبکه­ های اجتماعی (93/0) بیشترین نقش را در بهبود تاب­ آوری خانوارهای روستایی در برابر خشکسالی ایفا کرده است. همچنین بیشترین اثر سرمایه اجتماعی مربوط به بعد اقتصادی و کمترین اثر مربوط به بعد کالبدی تاب ­آوری خانوارهای روستایی بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سرمایه اجتماعی؛ مدیریت ریسک خشکسالی؛ ابعاد تاب‌آوری؛ مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری؛ شهرستان مشهد

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