تاثیر کاربری اراضی بر قابلیت جذب فلزات سنگین و آلودگی محیطی خاک

جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی

مقاله 4، دوره 14، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 53، فروردین 1404، صفحه 61-78   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/geoeh.2024.86609.1463

نویسندگان

ابراهیم محمودآبادی^{* 1}؛ مرتضی اکبری²؛ فریدون سرمدیان³

¹استادیار گروه مدیریت مناطق خشک و بیابانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²دانشیار گروه مدیریت مناطق خشک و بیابانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

³استاد گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

آلودگی خاک ناشی از فلزات سنگین، یکی از مخاطرات مهم محیطی است که بر ویژگی اکوسیستم‌ها تاثیر گذاشته و تنوع زیستی که شرط اصلی پویایی، تعادل و پایداری اکوسیستم می‌باشد، را با مشکلات جدی روبرو می‌سازد. بنابراین، شناخت عوامل مهم در قابلیت جذب فلزات سنگین می‌تواند در مدل­سازی و فهم تاثیرات این فلزات در خاک حائز اهمیت باشد. در پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر نوع کاربری زمین بر ویژگی‌های خاک و همچنین قابلیت جذب فلزات سنگین روی، مس، منگنز و آهن، در سال 1390، تعداد 116 نمونه خاک از سه کاربری جنگل پهن‌برگ، سوزنی‌برگ و مرتع در پارک چیتگر در غرب تهران، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. در این پژوهش فرم قابل جذب فلزات مس، روی، آهن و منگنز و همچنین ویژگیهای درصد کربن آلی، بافت خاک، PH و درصد کربنات کلسیم نیز اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که نوع کاربری بر مقدار منگنز، روی و مس قابل جذب اثر معنی‌داری داشت به‌طوری که مقدار روی(mg/kg44/4) در کاربری پهن‌برگ، 5/2 برابر نسبت به مرتع بیشتر بود. در حالی که مقدار آهن قابل جذب در بین سه نوع کاربری اختلاف معنی‌دار نشان نداد. همچنین، نوع کاربری بر خصوصیات خاک از جمله مقدار کربن آلی نیز تاثیرگذار بود. از طرف دیگر، نتایج آنالیز همبستگی بین مقادیر کربن آلی خاک و برخی از فلزات سنگین همبستگی بالایی به‌ویژه با مقدار روی قابل جذب (76/0) نشان داد. بنابراین، تغییر کاربری و کاشت جنگل از طریق تاثیر بر ویژگیهای خاک به‌ویژه تاثیر بر مقدار ماده آلی بر زیست‌فراهمی فلزات موثر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آلودگی خاک؛ زیستفراهمی فلزات سنگین؛ تغییر کاربری اراضی؛ کربن آلی خاک؛ پارک جنگلی چیتگر؛ استخراج با DTPA؛ طیف‌سنجی جذب اتمی

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