بررسی اثر تنش سطوح مختلف آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و ایندیگوی وسمه (Indigofera tinctoria L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 3، دوره 22، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 75، مهر 1403، صفحه 277-290   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2024.85800.1282

نویسندگان

عاطفه گنجعلی¹؛ علیرضا سیروس مهر^{* 1}؛ احمد قنبری¹؛ علی علی توکلی²

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

²سازمان جهاد کشاورزی جنوب کرمان، جیرفت، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گیاه وسمه، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1399-1398 در پژوهشکده کشاورزی زابل در شهرستان زهک اجرا شد. در این آزمایش دور آبیاری به‌عنوان کرت اصلی در سه سطح (7، 9 و 11 روز) و محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک به‌عنوان کرت فرعی در 5 سطح (شاهد، 20، 30، 40 و 50 لیتر در هکتار) در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد اثر سطوح آبیاری بر کلروفیل a، روی و عملکرد برگ معنی‌دار بود. اثر سطوح اسید هیومیک بر کلروفیل a و b، روی، پتاسیم و عملکرد برگ وسمه معنی‌دار بود. اثر متقابل آبیاری در اسید هیومیک بر کاروتنوئید، پرولین، آسکوربات پراکسیداز، گایاکول پراکسیداز، کاتالاز، آهن، فسفر و محتوی ایندیگو معنی‌دار شد. بیشترین (39.32 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) و کمترین (24.49 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) میزان محتوی ایندیگو به‌ترتیب در دور آبیاری 7 روز در شرایط محلول‌پاشی 50 لیتر در هکتار و دور آبیاری 11 روز در شرایط عدم کاربرد اسید هیومیک به‌دست آمد. کمترین میزان کلروفیل a (0.3954 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) و b (0.2098 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) در تیمار عدم محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک و بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a (0.6741 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) و b (3740/0 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) در تیمار محلول‌پاشی 50 لیتر در هکتار مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقدار آسکوربات پراکسیداز با دور آبیاری 9 روز و 11 روز (به‌ترتیب 0.7111 میلی‌گرم بر گرم و 0.7786 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) در تیمار عدم محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک و کمترین مقدار این صفت (به‌ترتیب 0.6076 میلی‌گرم بر گرم و 0.6018 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) در تیمار محلول‌پاشی 50 لیتر در هکتار به‌دست آمد. بیشترین مقدار عنصر فسفر (2.022 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن تر) با دور آبیاری 11 روز در شرایط محلول‌پاشی 30 لیتر در هکتار به‌دست آمد و کمترین مقدار عنصر فسفر (1.259 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن تر) با دور آبیاری 7 روز در شرایط محلول‌پاشی 30 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک به‌دست آمد. در مجموع،‌ جهت تولید برگ وسمه دور آبیاری 9 روز در شرایط محلول‌پاشی 40 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک و برای به‌دست آوردن محتوی ایندیگوی بیشتر دور آبیاری 11 روز و 40 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک مناسب به نظر می‌‌رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش خشکی؛ رنگدانه؛ عناصر معدنی؛ کود آلی؛ گیاه دارویی

مراجع

1. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. (1996). Flora of St. John, US Virgin Islands (Vol. 78, pp. iii+-581). Bronx, New York: New York Botanical Garden.
2. Akbari, V., Jalili, M. R., & Farokhzad, A. R. (2015). Effect of cycocel on antioxidative activity and malondialdehyde content of, mary and mission olive (Olea europaea) cultivars under drought stress. Plant Production Technology, 15(2), 121-135. (in Persian with English abstract).
3. Ali, A. Y. A., Ibrahim, M. E. H., Zhou, G., Elsiddig, A. M. I., Jiao, X., Zhu, G., Meng, T., Y., Ahmed, I., & Gabralla, E. (2021). Humic acid and jasmonic acid improves the growth and antioxidant defense system in salt stressed-forage sorghum plants. 07 May 2021, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-490134/v1
4. Asgharzade, A., & Babaeian, M. (2012). Investigating the effects of humic acid and acetic acid foliar application on yield and leaves nutrient content of grape (Vitis vinifera). African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6(31), 6049-6054. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR12.425
5. Aslani, S., Barzegar, T., & Nikbakht, J. (2019). Effect of humic acid on physiological and biochemical indices and yield of tomato under deficit irrigation. Journal of Crops Improvement, 21(2), 221-232. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2019.272278.2137
6. Ayeen, A., & Shabani, M. (2005). Indigo agronomy (Neel) Indigofera tinctoria under hot and dry regions. Zeytoon, 186, 62-64. (in Persian).
7. Balfour-Paul, J. (1998). Indigo. British Museum Press, London.
8. Bates, S., Waldern, R. P., & Teare, E. D. (1973). Rapide determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soli, 39, 205-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060
9. Battaglia, M. L., Ketterings, Q. M., Godwin, G., & Czymmek, K. J. (2021). Conservation tillage is compatible with manure injection in corn silage system. Agronomy Journal, 113(3), 2900-2912. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20604
10. Beers, G. R., & Sizer, I. W. (1952). A spectrophotometric Method fOr measuring the breakdoN of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. BioLogycal CHeMistry, 195(1), 133140.
11. Bhargava, S., & Sawant, K. (2013). Drought stress adaptation: metabolic adjustment and regulation of gene expression. Plant Breeding, 132(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12004
12. Dalvand, M., Solgi, M., & Khaleghi, A. (2018). Effects of foliar application of humic acid and drought stress on growth and physiological characteristics of marigold (Taget erecta). Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions-Isfahan University of Technology, 9(2), 67-80. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.29252/ejgcst.9.2.67
13. Daur, I., & Bakhashwain, A. A. (2013). Effect of humic acid on growth and quality of maize fodder production. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45(S1), 21-25.
14. Davarpanah, S., Tehranifar, A., Davarynejad, G. H., Abadía, J., & Khorasani, R. (2018). Effect of humic acid on some physical and chemical characteristics of Pomegranate (Punica granatum Ardestani). Plant Production Technology, 18(1), 69-81. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22084/PPT.2018.9285.1525
15. de Araujo Silva, M. M., Willadino, L., dos Santos, D. Y. A. C., Oliveira, A. F. M., & Camara, T. R. (2016). Response of Ricinus communis to in vitro water stress induced by polyethylene glycol. Plant Growth Regulation, 78, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-015-0085-3
16. Elfeky, S. A., Mohammed, M. A., Khater, M. S., Osman, Y. A., & Elsherbini, E. (2013). Effect of magnetite nano-fertilizer on growth and yield of Ocimum basilicumInternational Journal of Indigenous Medicinal Plants, 46(3), 1286-11293.
17. El-Hamied, S. A. A. (2014). Response of Valencia orange to some natural and synthetic soil conditioners under north sinai (Egypt) conditions. International Journal of Advanced Research, 2(11), 802-810.
18. Elmongy, M. S., Zhou, H., Cao, Y., Liu, B., & Xia, Y. (2018). The effect of humic acid on endogenous hormone levels and antioxidant enzyme activity during in vitro rooting of evergreen azalea. Scientia Horticulturae, 227, 234-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.09.027
19. Emam, Y., & Zavaerh, M. (2006). Drought Tolerance in Higher Plants. Publishing Center of Tehran University, 186 p. (in Persian).
20. Ferrara, G., Pacifico, A., Simeone, P., & Ferrara, E. (2007, June). Preliminary study on the effects of foliar applications of humic acids on ‘Italia’table grape. Proc. of the XXXth World Congress of Vine and Wine (Vol. 165). Budapest, Hungary.
21. Fielding, J. L., & Hall, J. (1978). A biochemical and cytoChemical Study of Peroxidase ctivity in root pea. Journal of ExperimenTal Botany, 29(4), 969-981. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/29.4.969
22. Gao, X., & Schrire, B. D. (2017). Indigofera Flora of China. eFloras: Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
23. García, A. C., Santos, L. A., Izquierdo, F. G., Sperandio, M. V. L., Castro, R. N., & Berbara, R. L. L. (2012). Vermicompost humic acids as an ecological pathway to protect rice plant against oxidative stress. Ecological Engineering, 47, 203-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.06.011
24. Ghanaatiyan, K., & Sadeghi, H. (2017). Differential responses of chicory ecotypes exposed to drought stress in relation to enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as well as ABA concentration. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 92(4), 404-410. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2017.1286235
25. Ghorbani, T., Galeshi, S., Soitani, A., & Zeynali, E. (2011, may). The effect of drought stress on growth parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid content in the vegetative stage of chickpea plants (Cicer arietinum). 1st Special Conference about Apportunity Methods for Sustainable Agriculture. (pp. 138-143). Payame Noor University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran. (in Persian).
26. Gilbert, K. G., Maule, H. G., Rudolph, B., Lewis, M., Vandenburg, H., Tozzi, S., & Cooke, D. (2004). Quantitative analysis of indigo and indigo precursors in leaves of Isatis spp. and Polygonum tinctorium. Biotechnology Progress, 20(4), 1289-1292. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp0300624
27. Gomiero, T., Pimentel, D., & Paoletti, M. G. (2011). Environmental impact of different agricultural management practices: Conventional vs. organic agriculture. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 30, 95-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2011.554355
28. Gu, J., Zhou, Z., Li, Z., Kong, X., Wang, Z., & Yang, J. (2016). Effects of the mutant with low chlorophyll content on photosynthesis and yield in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 42(4), 551-560. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00551
29. Kafi, M., Borzooei, A., Salehi, A., Kamandi, A., Massomi, A., & Nabati, C. J. (2010). The Physiology of Environmental Stress in Plants. Published by University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. p. 502. (in Persian).
30. Kavimani, S., Jaykar, B., De Clercq, E., Pannecouque, C., Witvrouw, M., & De Clercq, E. (2000). Studies on anti-HIV activity of Indigofera tinctoria. Hamdard Medicus, 43(1), 5-7.
31. Keshtgar Khajedad, M., Sirousmehr, A. R., Khammari, I., & Dahmardeh, K. (2023). The Effect of Humic Acid Foliar Application on Morphophysiological Characteristics and Yield of Black Bean Plant Under Different Irrigation Regimes. Journal of Crops Improvement, 25(1), 127-142. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2022.322275.2538
32. Khodamoradi, P., Amiri, J., & Dovlati, B. (2018). Influence of humic acid on some antioxidant enzymes activity and compatible metabolites in strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa Duch. cv. Sabrina) under salinity stress. Research in Pomology, 3(1), 23-35. (in Persian).
33. Kumar, P., Lai, L., Battaglia, M. L., Kumar, S., Owens, V., Fike, J., Galbraith, J., Hong, C. O., Faris, R., Crawford, R., Crawford, J., Hansen, J., Mayton, H., & Viands, D. (2019). Impacts of nitrogen fertilization rate and landscape position on select soil properties in switchgrass field at four sites in the USA. Catena, 180, 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.04.028
34. Latif, H. H., & Mohamed, H. I. (2016). Exogenous applications of moringa leaf extract effect on retrotransposon, ultrastructural and biochemical contents of common bean plants under environmental stresses. South African Journal of Botany, 106, 221-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.07.010
35. Lemmens, R. H. M. J., & Wulijarni-Soetjipto, N. (1991). Plant Resources of South-East Asia. No. 3. Dye and tannin-producing plants, 195 p.
36. Liu, M., Wang, C., Wang, F., & Xie, Y. (2019). Maize (Zea mays) growth and nutrient uptake following integrated improvement of vermicompost and humic acid fertilizer on coastal saline soil. Applied Soil Ecology, 142, 147-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.04.024
37. Mi Na, M. N., Cai Fu, C. F., Zhang YuShu, Z. Y., Ji RuiPeng, J. R., Zhang ShuJie, Z. S., & Wang Yang, W. Y. (2018). Differential responses of maize yield to drought at vegetative and reproductive stages. Plant, Soil & Environment, 64, 260-267. https://doi.org/10.17221/141/2018-PSE
38. Modafe Behzadi, N., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., & Jahan, M. (2018). The effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative yield of indigo (Indigofera tinctoria) at irrigation levels under Bam climatic conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 16(1), 49-65. (in Persian). https://doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v16i1.54983
39. Muscolo, A., Sidari, M., & Nardi, S., (2013). Humic substance: relationship between structure and activity. Deeper information suggests univocal findings. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 129, 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.10.012
40. Muthulingam, M., Mohandoss, P., Indra, N., & Sethupathy, S. (2010). Antihepatotoxic efficacy of Indigofera tinctoria (Linn.) on paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. International Journal of Pharmacy & Biomedical Research, 1(1), 13-18.
41. Nadkarni, K. M. (1998). Indian Medicinal Plants and Drugs-with their Medicinal Properties and Uses. Asiatic Publishing House, New Delhi. 450p.
42. Nardi, S., Panuccio, M. R., Abenavoli, M. R., & Muscolo, A. (1994). Auxin-like effect of humic substances extracted from faeces of Allolobophora caliginosa and A. rosea. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 26(10), 1341-1346. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90215-1
43. O’Connell, E. (2017). Towards adaptation of water resource systems to climatic and socio-economic change. Water Resources Management, 31, 2965-2984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1734-2
44. Paleg, L. G., & Spinall, D. (1981). The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plant. New York, Academic Press, 240 p.
45. Rajpar, I., Bhatti, M. B., Zia-ul-Hassan, A. N., & Tunio, S. D. (2011). Humic acid improves growth, yield and oil content of Brassica compestris L. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences, 27(2), 125-133.
46. Rostami, A. A., & Rahemi, M. (2013). Screening drought tolerance in caprifig varieties in accordance to responses of antioxidant enzymes. World Applied Sciences Journal, 21(8), 1213-1219. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.21.8.91
47. Sales, E., Kanhonou, R., Baixauli, C., Giner, A., Cooke, D., Gilbert, K., Arrilaga, I., Segura, J., & Ros, R. (2006). Sowing date, transplanting, plant density and nitrogen fertilization affect indigo production from Isatis species in a Mediterranean region of Spain. Industrial Crops and Products, 23(1), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.03.002
48. Sandmann, G. (2019). Antioxidant protection from UV-and light-stress related to carotenoid structures. Antioxidants, 8(7), 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8070219
49. Sarhadi, H., Afsharmanesh, G. R., & Mokhtari, Z. (2014). Effect of drought stress on some morphological traits and seed yield of indigo (Indigofera tinctoria) under different levels of nitrogen. Trends in Life Science, 3(4), 74-78.
50. Savithramma, N. C. H., & Rao, S. K. N. (2007). Treatment in asthma of dry powder of Indigofera tinctoria Linn. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113, 54-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.004
51. Sayadi, A., Ahmadi, J., Bhour, A., & Hosseni, S. M. (2014). Investigation of the effect of drought and salinity stresses on phenolic compounds of Thymus vulgaris Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2(4), 50-61. (in Persian).
52. Shaaban, F. K., Morsey, M. M., & Mahmoud, T. Sh. M. (2015). Influence of spraying yeast extract and humic acid on fruit maturity stage and storablitity of canino apricot fruits. International Journal of ChemTec Research, 8(6), 530-543.
53. Shah, Z. H., Rehman, H. M., Akhtar, T., Alsamadany, H., Hamooh, B. T., Mujtaba, T., Daur, I., Al Zahrani, Y., Alzahrani, H. A., Ali, S., & Yang, S. H. (2018). Humic substances: Determining potential molecular regulatory processes in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 263. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00263
54. Stoker, K.G., Cooke, D.T., & Hill, D. J. (1998). An improved method for the large-scale processing of woad (Isatis tinctoria) for possible commercial production of woad indigo. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 71(4), 315-320. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1998.0329
55. Tyagi, P. K., Rai, V. K., Pahria, A. K., Sambath Kumar, S., Singh, Y., Sharma, M., & Goyal, M. (2010). Preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Indigofera tinctoria Linn. Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 3(1), 47-50.
56. Waraich, E. A., Ahmad, R., & Ashraf, M. Y. (2011). Role of mineral nutrition in alleviation of drought stress in plants. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(6), 764-777.
57. Wilson, J. R. (1983). Effects of water stress on in vitro dry matter digestibility and chemical composition of herbage of tropical pasture species. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 34(4), 377-390.
58. Yadollahi, P., Asgharipour, M. R., Kheiri, N., & Ghaderi, A. (2015). Effects of drought stress and different types of organic fertilizers on the yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). Journal of Oil Plants Production, 1(2), 27-40. (in Persian with English abstract).
59. Yang, D., Ni, R., Yang, S., Pu, Y., Qian, M., Yang, Y., & Yang, Y. (2021). Functional characterization of the Stipa purpurea P5CS gene under drought stress conditions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(17), 9599. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179599
60. Yashimura, K., Yabute, Y., Ishikawa, T., & Shigeoka, S. (2000). Expression of spinach ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes in response to oxidative stresses. Plant Physiology, 123, 223-233.
61. Zhang, X., Lei, L., Lai, J., Zhao, H., & Song, W., (2018). Effects of drought stress and water recovery on physiological responses and gene expression in maize seedlings. BMC Plant Biology, 18(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1281-x
62. Zhang, Y., Yu, S., Li, C. F., Wang, Y. B., & Diao, Z. F. (2013). Response characteristics of plant growth and leaf photochemical activity of sugar beet seedlings to different nitrogen application leaves. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 27, 1391-1400. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.09.1391