تأثیر کاربرد کودهای آلی و محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک بر خصوصیات رشدی استویا(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.) در یک خاک شور

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 4، دوره 39، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 65، فروردین 1404، صفحه 72-57   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2024.88409.1351

نویسندگان

سمیرا تندیسه بنا^* ؛ علیرضا آستارایی؛ امیر لکزیان

گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

­کاربرد کودهای آلی در خاک­های شور که عمدتاً به‌دلیل نبود پوشش گیاهی مناسب با کمبود مواد آلی و به دنبال آن کمبود رطوبت مواجه هستند، از طریق اصلاح خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک می­تواند موجب بهبود رشد و تحمل گیاهان در خاک­های شور شود. در این تحقیق از دو نوع کود آلی به‌عنوان اصلاح‌کننده خصوصیات خاک شور و محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک به‌عنوان محرک رشد گیاه استویا (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.) استفاده شد. این پژوهش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی شامل فاکتور اول: 1- شاهد (بدون کود آلی)، 2- ورمی کمپوست 20 تن در هکتار، 3- ورمی کمپوست 40 تن در هکتار، 4- کمپوست قارچ مصرفی 20 تن در هکتار، 5- کمپوست قارچ مصرفی40 تن در هکتار و فاکتور دوم شامل: محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک در دو سطح صفر و 1/0 درصد با سه تکرار بودند. میزان فتوسنتز، سطح برگ، وزن خشک گیاه، pH، شوری، جرم مخصوص ظاهری و کربن آلی خاک به‌منظور تعیین مؤثرترین ماده آلی در شرایط تنش شوری خاک مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که کود کمپوست قارچ مصرف‌شده (SMC) موجب کاهش معنی­دار pH خاک و جرم مخصوص ظاهری خاک، افزایش شوری و کربن آلی خاک شد. سطح برگ گیاه کاهش یافت، ولی منجر به افزایش فنول کل، کلروفیل a، b، کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئید برگ شده و موجب افزایش معنی­دار وزن خشک گیاه استویا در خاک شور گردید. بیشترین وزن خشک گیاه با کاربرد 40 تن بر هکتار کود SMC و محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک به‌دست آمد که نسبت به شاهد (بدون کود) 12/45 درصد بیشتر بود. بنابراین کود SMC می­تواند اصلاح­کننده مناسبی برای خاک شور باشد، محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک نیز فقط همزمان با کاربرد SMC تأثیر مثبت معنی­داری داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی؛ برگ شیرین استویا؛ شوری خاک؛ محرک‌‌های زیستی گیاه؛ ورمی کمپوست؛ کمپوست ضایعات قارچ

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