اثر مانداب در مرحله رویشی بر اندام هوایی و رشد ریشه ارقام نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

دوره 15، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 30، دی 1403، صفحه 179-195   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.2024.84854.1069

نویسندگان

لیلا سیاه‌کمری؛ محمداقبال قبادی^* ؛ مختار قبادی؛ سعید جلالی‌هنرمند

گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

رشد رویشی گیاه نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) در بهار همزمان با بارندگی‌‌های شدید (کوتاه‌مدت یا بلندمدت) است. در این شرایط ممکن است که مانداب رخ داده و ریشه‌های گیاه با کمبود اکسیژن مواجه شوند. درک رشد و واکنش‌های فیزیولوژیکی ارقام نخود به مدت‌های مانداب برای توسعه استراتژی‌هایی برای بهبود عملکرد محصول در محیط‌های پرآب بسیار مهم است. برای این منظور، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی به‌مدت دو سال روی ارقام نخود ILC482 و آزاد (تیپ کابلی)، کاکا و پیروز (تیپ دسی) و در مدت‌های شامل شاهد، 4، 8 و 12 روز مانداب در 30 روز پس از کاشت انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در سال دوم، وزن خشک کل و طول کل ریشه نسبت به سال اول افزایش معنی‌داری داشتند. عملکرد دانه ارقام ILC482 و آزاد کمتر از ارقام کاکا و پیروز بود. تمامی صفات با افزایش مدت مانداب به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافتند. میزان تلفات در تنش ماندابی 12 روزه در مقایسه با شاهد برای عملکرد بیولوژیک 30 درصد، وزن 100 دانه 38 درصد، طول کل ریشه 2/14 درصد، وزن خشک ریشه 8/38 درصد، حجم ریشه 6/20 درصد و تعداد گره 8/32 درصد بودند. همچنین شاخص پایداری غشاء، کلروفیل a، b، کاروتنوئیدها، محتوای آب نسبی برگ، انتقال مجدد هیدرات کربن از ساقه به دانه و پروتئین دانه کاهش داشت. در کل، اگرچه ارقام تیپ دسی نسبت به نوع کابلی در برابر شرایط ماندابی مقاوم‌تر بودند، ولی حتی دوره مانداب چهار روزه خسارت معنی‌داری به رشد ریشه و شاخساره به ارقام نخود وارد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انتقال مجدد؛ رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی؛ طول کل ریشه؛ محتوای آب نسبی برگ

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