تأثیر کشت زیر نایلون و نحوه کاشت بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و علف‌های هرز نخود فرنگی (Pisum sativum L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

دوره 15، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 30، دی 1403، صفحه 333-349   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.2024.89320.1095

نویسندگان

مریم ولی‌پور؛ حسن حیدری^* ؛ صحبت بهرامی‌نژاد

گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

استفاده از مالچ‌ها در دیم‌کاری اهمیت بالایی دارد. مالچ‌‌ها اثرات فراوانی مانند کنترل فرسایش، تبخیر و کنترل علف‌‌های هرز دارند. پژوهش حاضر در سال­های زراعی 1398 و 1399 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل مالچ نایلونی (بدون نایلون، نایلون روی گیاه و نایلون روی خاک) و نحوه کاشت (مسطح، درون جویچه نیم متری و درون جویچه­ یک متری) بود. داده‌‌ها بر اساس آزمون بارتلت، در سال یا به‌صورت آزمون مرکب در دو سال تجزیه شدند. طبق نتایج مقایسه میانگین سال اول بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ نخود فرنگی (Pisum sativum L.) در تیمار مالچ نایلونی روی گیاه و کشت درون جویچه نیم متری (82/3) و کمترین آن در تیمار بدون مالچ نایلون و کشت درون جویچه نیم متری (26/3) حاصل شد. بیشترین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن دانه مربوط به تیمار نایلون روی خاک و کشت درون جویچه نیم متری (152 کیلوگرم دانه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن) و کمترین آن مربوط به تیمار بدون نایلون و کشت مسطح (81 کیلوگرم دانه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن) بود. طبق مقایسه میانگین تجزیه مرکب بیشترین وزن خشک علف‌‏های هرز پهن برگ در تیمار سال اول، نایلون روی گیاه و کشت مسطح (489 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کمترین آن‌ها در تیمار سال اول، نایلون روی خاک و کشت درون جویچه یک متری (71 کیلوگرم در هکتار) حاصل شد. در سال اول کشت بیشترین ارتفاع بوته مربوط به تیمارهای نایلون روی گیاه و کشت درون جویچه نیم­‌متری (66 سانتی‌متر) و نایلون روی خاک و کشت درون جویچه نیم­متری (66 سانتی‌متر) و کمترین ارتفاع در تیمار بدون نایلون و بستر مسطح (58 سانتی‌متر) حاصل شد. بیشترین میزان سبزینگی در سال اول، نایلون روی خاک و کشت درون جویچه نیم متری (58 اسپد) و کمترین میزان آن در سال اول، بدون نایلون و بستر مسطح (50 اسپد) حاصل شد. در مجموع، نتایج نشان داد که مالچ نایلونی و کشت در کف جویچه نیم متری به‌دلیل تامین احتمالی رطوبت کافی و عدم رشد علف­های هرز شرایط مناسب رشدی را برای بهبود خصوصیات مرفوفیزولوژیک نخود فرنگی فراهم کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

جویچه و پشته؛ کارایی مصرف نیتروژن؛ مالچ؛ وزن خشک؛ وزن مخصوص برگ

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