بررسی اثر سطوح کود فسفر و تراکم خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis L.) بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 6، دوره 38، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 65، مهر 1403، صفحه 275-291   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.2024.84836.1162

نویسندگان

مجتبی خسروی؛ مجید جامی الاحمدی^* ؛ سید وحید اسلامی؛ محمد حسن سیاری زهان

گروه ژنتیک و تولید گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تراکم علف‌هرز و میزان کود فسفر بر ویژگی‌های رشدی و نحوه تخصیص ماده خشک در گیاه زراعی گلرنگ و علف‌هرز خردل وحشی، آزمایشی بصورت کرت­های خرد شده درقالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال زراعی 99-98 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل سطوح کود فسفر (چهار سطح صفر، 25، 50 و 75 کیلوگرم فسفر خالص در هکتار) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و تراکم خردل وحشی (چهار سطح صفر، 14، 28 و 56 بوته در متر مربع) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج مقایسات میانگین نشان داد بیشترین میزان وزن خشک برگ گلرنگ با 48/35 گرم در متر مربع در 165 روز بعد از سبز شدن در تیمار شاهد (عدم وجود خردل وحشی) بدست آمد و کمترین میزان وزن خشک برگ نیز با 23/28 گرم از تیمار تراکم 28 بوته خردل وحشی حاصل گردید. بیشترین مقدار شاخص سطح برگ کل گیاه گلرنگ معادل 67/1 در 210 روز پس از سبز شدن از تیمار 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار مصرف فسفر حاصل گردید و کمترین میزان این شاخص نیز برابر با 19/1 از تیمار 50 کیلوگرم مصرف فسفر به­دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ بوته خردل وحشی در 165 روز بعد از کشت (63/0) در تراکم 56 بوته خردل وحشی در متر مربع بوده و کمترین میزان این شاخص در این مرحله (26/0) از تراکم 14 بوته حاصل شده است. به‌صورت کلی مشاهده شد که ارتفاع گیاه و شاخص سطح برگ در گیاه خردل وحشی در شرایط تراکم بالاتر در همه­ی مراحل رشد بیشترین مقدار بوده که نشان دهنده­ی رقابت‌پذیری علف‌هرز می­باشد. هرچه تراکم علف‌هرز بالاتر رفته ارتفاع گیاه زراعی بیشتر شده است، اما این افزایش تراکم علف‌هرز منجر به کاهش شاخص سطح برگ گیاه زراعی گردیده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنالیز رشد؛ ارتفاع؛ تراکم علف هرز؛ تسهیم؛ رقابت علف هرز

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