بررسی نقش پرارتفاع جنب‌حاره عربستان در تأمین رطوبت بارش‌های فرین فراگیر فصل سرد ایران زمین

آب و خاک

دوره 38، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 97، آذر و دی 1403، صفحه 667-649   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2024.87969.1408

نویسندگان

هلاله فهیمی¹؛ عبدالله فرجی^{* 1}؛ بهلول علیجانی²

¹گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

²گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف از انجام تحقیق حاضر بررسی نقش پرارتفاع عربستان بر بارش­های فرین دوره سرد سال ایران است. به این منظور با استفاده از داده­های ایستگاهی بارش روزانه ایران، روزهای با بارش فرین استخراج شد. 7 الگو با بیشترین بارش فرین و بیشترین همگنی مکانی جهت تحلیل­های سینوپتیکی انتخاب گردید. با استفاده از داده­های ERA5 نقشه­های ارتفاع ژئوپتانسیل و رطوبت ویژه ترسیم گردید. نتایج حاکی از آن است که پرارتفاع عربستان براساس موقعیت مکانی و تعامل با الگوهای گردشی عرض میانی نقش مهمی در تأمین رطوبت بارش­های فرین فصل سرد سال ایران دارد. موقعیت مکانی و میزان گسترش آن تحت­تأثیر نفوذ حاره­ای سامانه­های غربی در 2 تراز زیرین و میانی تغییر می­یابد. بیشترین حاکمیت بر روی ایران را در تراز زیرین دارد زیرا در ترازهای بالاتر به علت نفوذ بیشتر شاخه جنوبی بادهای غربی، موقعیتی جنوبی­تر یافته و اثرات آن بر ایران کاهش می­یابد. طوری­که از تراز 600 هکتوپاسکال به بالا تأثیری بر ایران ندارد. تعامل پرارتفاع عربستان با سامانه­های عرض میانی منجر به شکل­گیری رودخانه جوی با منشا حاره­ایی می­شود. در عین­حال عاملی مهم در انتقال رطوبت به شرق آفریقای مرکزی در منطقه حاره می­باشد که محل منشاء شکل­گیری رودخانه جوی است. در سطح زمین پرارتفاع عربستان رطوبت دریای عرب و خلیج فارس را به نواحی جنوب، جنوب­غرب، غرب و شمال غرب می­رساند و مانع از ورود گسترده کم­فشار ترکیه به شمال­غرب و غرب ایران می­شود و با حاکمیت بر روی دریای سرخ جنوبی مانع ورود کم­فشار سودان به خاورمیانه است. این نتیجه نشان می­دهد که کم­فشار سودان و مدیترانه عامل اصلی تمام بارش­های فرین فراگیر فصل سرد سال ایران نیستند. اگرچه پرارتفاع عربستان مانع ورود سامانه­های بارشی به درون ایران است اما در تأمین رطوبت بارش­های فرین فراگیر مناطق جنوب و نیمه غرب ایران هم به‌صورت ایجاد رودخانه جوی در تعامل با سردچال عرض میانی و هم انتقال رطوبت از طریق جریان واچرخندی خود به درون ایران نقش بسیار مهمی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بارش فرین فراگیر؛ پرارتفاع جنب حاره؛ پرارتفاع جنب حاره عربستان؛ رودخانه جوی

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