تأثیر بقایای گیاهی گندم و ورمی‌کمپوست بر ویژگی‌های کیفی علوفه ذرت (Zea mays L.) و حاصلخیزی خاک

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 9، دوره 16، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 61، مهر 1403، صفحه 569-585   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2024.86558.1189

نویسندگان

حسنعلی پوراسماعیل؛ مهدی دهمرده^* ؛ احمد قنبری

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

چکیده

روش­های کشاورزی رایج، موفقیتی در استفاده مطلوب از منابع نداشته و با اتکای بیش از حد به نهاده­های مصنوعی مانند کودهای شیمیایی باعث ایجاد اکوسیستم­های زراعی ناپایدار می­گردد. بر این اساس، به‌منظور بررسی اثر سیستم تلفیقی مدیریت کود آلی بر خصوصیات کیفی علوفه ذرت (Zea mays L.) و حاصلخیزی خاک، آزمایشی بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 97- 1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل سطوح مختلف سیستم تلفیقی مدیریت کود آلی در 10 سطح (عدم کوددهی، 30 درصد بقایای گندم، 60 درصد بقایای گندم، 90 درصد بقایای گندم، 30 درصد ورمی­کمپوست، 60 درصد ورمی­کمپوست، 100 درصد ورمی­کمپوست، 10 درصد ورمی­کمپوست + 90 درصد بقایای گندم، 40 درصد ورمی­کمپوست + 60 درصد بقایای گندم و 70 درصد ورمی­کمپوست + 30 درصد بقایای گندم) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین قابلیت هضم ماده خشک (35/56 درصد) در تیمار 60 درصد بقایای گیاهی و کمترین الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (40/16 گرم بر کیلوگرم ماده خشک) در تیمار 70 درصد ورمی­کمپوست + 30 درصد بقایای گندم به­دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین مقدار نیتروژن کل (063/0 درصد) در تیمار70 درصد ورمی کمپوست + 30 درصد بقایای گندم حاصل گردید. بیشترین میزان فسفر قابل دسترس (07/5 میلی­گرم در لیتر) و نیز بیشترین میزان کربن آلی خاک (212/0 درصد) در تیمار 10 درصد ورمی کمپوست + 90 درصد بقایای گندم به­دست آمد که البته تفاوت معنی‌داری نسبت به تیمار 70 درصد ورمی­کمپوست + 30 درصد بقایای گندم نشان ندادند. به‌طور کلی، استفاده از سیستم تلفیقی 70 درصد ورمی­کمپوست + 30 درصد بقایای گندم منجر به تولید علوفه با کیفیت بالاتر و بهبود حاصلخیزی خاک گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی؛ فسفر قابل جذب؛ قابلیت هضم ماده خشک؛ کربن آلی

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