مطالعه و تبیین نگاه راهبردی چین به تنگه باب‌المندب

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

دوره 13، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 25، دی 1403، صفحه 329-301   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/irlip.2024.79608.1339

نویسندگان

محمدجواد فتحی^{* 1}؛ کمند بهرامی یاراحمدی²؛ اکبر غفوری³

¹دانش آموخته دکتری علوم سیاسی ، گرایش آینده پژوهی مطالعات سیاسی انقلاب اسلامی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شاهد

²دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روابط بین الملل از دانشگاه تهران

³استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه یزد

چکیده

اهمیت ژئواکونومیک و ژئواستراتژیکی تنگه‌های بین‌المللی باعث شده است که قدرت‌های جهانی نظیر چین تلاش جهت کسب میزانی از نفوذ در چنین شریان‌های حیاتی را اجتناب‌ناپذیر قلمداد کنند. پژوهش حاضر با بهره‌گیری از روش کیفی با رویکرد تحلیل اسنادی درصدد پاسخ به این پرسش است که تنگه باب‌المندب چه جایگاهی در نگاه راهبردی کشور چین دارد؟ این تنگه از منظر اقتصادی حلقه پیوند اصلی میان شرق آسیا با شاخ آفریقا، کانال سوئز، مدیترانه و در نهایت کشورهای اروپایی می‌باشد. فقدان دسترسی به تنگه، یک چالش و مانع در مسیر جاده ابریشم جدید است؛ چرا که هم برنامه بلندمدت این کشور جهت نفوذ اقتصادی در قاره آفریقا از طریق شاخِ این منطقه با مشکل مواجه می‌شود و هم اینکه تمرکز بر راه جایگزین، یعنی دماغه امید نیک، مسافت و هزینه دسترسی به قاره اروپا را چند برابر می‌کند. از نظرگاه سیاسی نیز حضور در باب‌المندب با تلاش و رقابت موازنه‌‌بخش و پایدار چین در مقابل آمریکا در مجاورت تنگه و احتمال تهدید منافع این کشور در آینده توسط واشینگتن مرتبط است. نتیجه اینکه طرح‌های سخت‌افزارانه یا نظامی و تلاش‌های نرم‌افزارانه و توسعه‌محورِ چین در دو کشور مجاور باب-المندب یعنی جیبوتی با محوریت توسعه بندر چندمنظوره اقتصادی و نظامی دوراله و یمن با محوریت تقویت زیرساخت‌های بنادر عدن، المخاء و تلاش جهت نفوذ در جزیره پریم از یک‌سو و اجتناب از ورود به بحران‌های منطقه‌ای از جانب دیگر، در راستای تضمین و تحکیم اهداف اقتصادی و سیاسی قابل ارزیابی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنگه باب‌المندب؛ جاده ابریشم جدید؛ رقابت‌های بین‌المللی؛ ژئوپلیتیک انتقادی

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