بررسی شاخص‌های فیتوشیمیایی درختان چنار (Platanus orientalis) واقع در چهار منطقه (1، 3، 6 و 11) از خیابان ولیعصر تهران تحت شرایط اقلیمی و آلاینده های محیطی متفاوت

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 6، دوره 39، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 66، تیر 1404، صفحه 268-251   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2024.89321.1369

نویسندگان

غلامحسین همایونی؛ محمدرضا راجی^* ؛ عبداله احتشام نیا؛ مصطفی عالی فر

گروه آموزشی علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

آلودگی هوا و تغییرات اقلیمی بر رشد، کیفیت و خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی درختان در فضای سبز شهری تأثیر بسزایی دارد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر تغییرات اقلیم و آلاینده­های محیطی بر خصوصیات شیمیایی درختان چنار (Platanus orientalis) در چهار منطقه از شهر تهران (مناطق 1، 3، 6 و 11) اجرا شد، داده‌برداری در سه زمان 1، 15 و 30 آبان ماه در سال 1402 انجام و نتایج تی تست نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌داری بین این سه زمان برای صفات مورد ارزیابی وجود ندارد و میانگین داده­های این سه زمان جهت تجزیه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در مناطق آلوده 6 و 11 بیشترین میزان نشت یونی و در منطقه 11 بالاترین محتوای مالون دی­آلدئید حاصل گردید. آلودگی هوا در مناطق 3 و 6 منجر به افزایش بالاترین محتوای نسبی آب برگ شد. بیشترین محتوای فلاونوئید در منطقه 11 که دارای بالاترین میزان آلودگی هوا بودند، مشاهده گردید. افزایش آلاینده­های محیطی در مناطق 3 و 11 در مقایسه با منطقه 1 (منطقه پاک) با افزایش معنی­دار میزان آنتوسیانین و بالاترین فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانتی در منطقه 11 همراه بود. همچنین بیشترین میزان فنل در مناطق 6 و 11 به‌ترتیب با میزان 64/54 و 70/45 میلی‌گرم بر گرم حاصل شد. علاوه‌بر آن، در مناطق با آلودگی بیشتر (11، 6 و 3) و ارتفاع از سطح دریا و شیب کمتر در مقایسه با منطقه پاک 1، فعالیت آنزیم­های کاتالاز، پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در برگ درخت چنار افزایش معنی­داری را نشان داد. به‌طور کلی، آلودگی هوا و کاهش ارتفاع از سطح دریا و شیب منجر به افزایش نشت یونی، مالون دی­آلدئید، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، فلاونوئید، آنتوسیانین، آنتی­اکسیدانت، فنل و فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارتفاع از سطح دریا؛ آلاینده‌‌ها؛ آنتی‌اکسیدانت؛ سوپراکسید دیسموتاز؛ فلاونوئید؛ مالون دی‌آلدئید؛ نشت یونی

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