اثر دور آبیاری و کشت مخلوط ذرت (Zea mays L.) و سورگوم (Sorghum bicolor L.) علوفه‌ای بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی علوفه

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 16، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 62، دی 1403، صفحه 643-659   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2024.86693.1190

نویسندگان

سعید صادق زاده حمایتی^{* 1}؛ حامد منصوری²؛ محسن شهسوار پور³

¹موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

²بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران.

³گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی سودمندی کشت مخلوط ذرت و سورگوم علوفه­ای تحت رژیم­های مختلف آبیاری، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت­های نواری در منطقه ریگان استان کرمان اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل دور آبیاری با سه سطح (100، 175 و 250 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) به‌عنوان کرت عمودی و نسبت‏های مختلف کشت مخلوط جایگزینی ذرت (Zea mays L.) و سورگوم (Sorghum bicolor L.) با پنج سطح (کشت خالص ذرت علوفه­ای (M)، کشت مخلوط 75 درصد ذرت علوفه­ای + 25 درصد سورگوم علوفه­ای (3M:1S)، کشت 50 درصد ذرت علوفه­ای + 50 درصد سورگوم علوفه­ای (2M:2S)، کشت 25 درصد ذرت علوفه­ای + 75 درصد سورگوم علوفه­ای (1M:3S) و کشت خالص سورگوم علوفه­ای (S)) به‌عنوان کرت افقی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش دور آبیاری از عملکرد علوفه کل، خاکستر کل و عملکرد پروتئین و فیبر خام کاسته شد. افزایش سهم سورگوم در مخلوط با کاهش میزان سهم برگ در زیست‌توده گیاه سورگوم، کربوهیدرات­های محلول در آب و قابلیت هضم علوفه همراه شد. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد علوفه خشک با 35/14 و 64/11 تن در هکتار به‌ترتیب مربوط به دور آبیاری بعد از 100 و 250 میلی‌متر تبخیر بود. ارزیابی سودمندی کشت مخلوط براساس شاخص نسبت برابری زمین و افت واقعی عملکرد نشان داد که تیمار 75 درصد ذرت + 25 درصد سورگوم در شرایط تنش و نسبت کشت مخلوط 25 درصد ذرت + 75 درصد سورگوم در شرایط نرمال آبیاری در مقایسه با سایر نسبت­های کشت مخلوط از برتری بالاتری نسبت به کشت خالص گونه­ها برخوردار بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که استفاده از کشت مخلوط گونه­ها به‌ویژه در شرایط محدودیت آبیاری می‌تواند راهکار مناسبی در جهت بهبود تولید علوفه در مقایسه با کشت خالص گونه­ها باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سودمندی کشت مخلوط؛ کشت جایگزینی؛ کیفیت علوفه؛ محدودیت آبیاری

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