مقایسه تأثیر کودهای زیستی باکتریایی و قارچی بر عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب گندم در شرایط تنش آبی: نقش آنزیم ACC-دآمیناز و فرمولاسیون‌های مختلف قارچی

آب و خاک

دوره 39، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 99، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1404، صفحه 34-17   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2025.90176.1440

نویسندگان

سیدسجاد حسینی^{* 1}؛ فرهاد رجالی²؛ پیمان کشاورز³

¹گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²بخش تحقیقات بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

³بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

این آزمایش با هدف انتخاب نوع کود زیستی (باکتریایی یا قارچی) و فرمولاسیون کودی مناسب برای گیاه گندم به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی طرق، واقع در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی در طی سال زراعی 1401-1402 اجرا شد. کرت‌های اصلی شامل سطوح آبیاری بودند: آبیاری کامل، تنش آبی ملایم و شدید که به‌ترتیب معادل 100 درصد (5438 متر مکعب در هکتار)، 85 درصدو 65درصد نیاز آبی گیاه بود. کرت‌های فرعی شامل سطوح کود زیستی بودند: بدون کود زیستی (F1)، باکتری Pseudomonas fluorescens تولیدکننده آنزیم ACC-دآمیناز (F2)، باکتری P. fluorescens فاقد ACC-دآمیناز (F3)، قارچ میکوریز آربسکولار (AM) به‌صورت مایع (F4)، و پودری (F5). ویژگی‌های مورد مطالعه شامل درصد کلنیزاسیون ریشه، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی، شاخص برداشت و کارایی مصرف آب بود. نتایج نشان داد که در بین کودهای زیستی باکتریایی، تنها کاربرد تیمار F2 در تنش آبی شدید موجب افزایش 9 درصد عملکرد دانه، 7 درصد عملکرد زیستی، 6/8 درصد کارایی مصرف آب دانه و 7 درصد کارایی مصرف آب بر حسب عملکرد زیستی نسبت به شاهد شد. کارایی کودهای زیستی قارچی نسبت به باکتریایی به‌طور قابل توجهی بیشتر بود. همچنین شکل پودری قارچ AM نسبت به مایع آن کارایی بیشتری داشت به‌طوری‌که این تیمار موجب افزایش 26 و 21 درصد عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیستی، و افزایش 26 و 22 درصد کارایی مصرف آب برحسب عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیستی در تنش آبی شدید شد. به‌طور کلی، تفاوت‌های مشاهده‌ شده در کارایی کودهای زیستی نشان می‌دهد که انتخاب مناسب نوع و فرم این کودها می‌تواند نقش قابل‌توجهی در مدیریت تنش آبی و بهبود تولید محصول داشته باشد. با این حال، انجام پژوهش‌های بلند مدت برای تأیید و تقویت این نتایج ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

باکتری‌های PGPR؛ تنش خشکی؛ ریزجانداران؛ سطوح آبیاری؛ قارچ‌های میکوریز آرباسکولار

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