Jurisprudential evaluation of Taking Possession of Ḥajj Expenses and the Removal of Financial Capability for the Eligible Pilgrim

فقه و اصول (Fiqh va uṣūl)

Article 7, Volume 56, Issue 4 - Serial Number 139, February 2025, Pages 169-195   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/jfiqh.2023.79891.1487

Authors

Mohammad Baqir Karmlacha’b^{* 1}; Hamid Mo’azeni Bistgani²

¹Graduate of Level Two, Jaza’iriya Seminary, Shushtar, Khuzestan, Iran

²Graduate of Level Four, Qom Seminary, and PhD, Department of Jurisprudence and Foundations of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology, Law, and Islamic Studies, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

Abstract

Ḥajj is one of the conditional obligations and becomes mandatory for the mukallaf (the legally responsible individual) once they achieve financial capability or ʾistiṭā‘ah.  Based on the consensus of the jurists (ʾijmā) and with reference to clear evidence, a mukallaf is prohibited from manipulating their property in a way that would remove their financial capability after they acquire ʾistiṭā‘ah. However, jurists have differing views on whether the prohibition is absolute or conditional, with several opinions presented. Some consider the criterion for prohibition to be the ability of the journey, while others define it as the departure of the caravan, and some the arrival of the months of Ḥajj. Yet another group asserts that the prohibition is absolute. The present study is conducted using the descriptive-analytical method and library research, and concludes that the individual is prohibited from depriving themselves of this capacity under any circumstances after achieving ʾistiṭā‘ah. Some advocates of the absolute prohibition of forfeiting ʾistiṭā‘ah have made exceptions, permitting the individual to act in cases on necessity. This stance is supported by narrative evidence and jurisprudential principles. In terms of legal status (ḥukm-i ważʿī), non-essential transactions carried out using the nafaqah allocated for Ḥajj are valid and legally binding.

Keywords

ʾistiṭā‘ah; forfeiture of ʾistiṭā‘ah; utilization of Ḥajj funds; neglect of obligation; nafaqah for Ḥajj; jurisprudence of Ḥajj

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