A Comprehensive Overview of Single-Source and Dual-Source Energy Balance Algorithms ‎for Estimating Actual Evapotranspiration

فصلنامه آب و توسعه پایدار

Article 3, Volume 11, Issue 4 - Serial Number 34, March 2025, Pages 1-14   

Document Type: Review Article

DOI: 10.22067/jwsd.v11i4.2407-1345

Author

Maryam Rezaei^*

Researcher, Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran.

Abstract

Evapotranspiration estimation is one of the most important water balance components and involves various complexities. In general, energy balance models are divided into two categories: single-source and two-source models. Choosing a model to estimate ET from among the existing energy balance models is challenging because each model has strengths and limitations. The goal of the present research is to introduce and compare several evapotranspiration estimation methods, including Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model, Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) model, Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model, Simpled Surface Energy Balance Index (S-SEBI) model, Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model— Two- Source (soil + canopy) (TSM) model and Two-Source Time Integrated (TSTIM) model. Some advantages of the single-source energy balance model S_SEBI include the following: It is possible to implement it using only images without the need for weather data. Therefore, if the number of meteorological stations in the area is low, this method can be utilized. No need for a land use map. One disadvantage of this model is that it can only be used in cases where atmospheric conditions across the entire image are constant. Due to the simplicity and lower complexity of the structure and assumptions of the SSEBop model, it has increased operational capability for calculating actual evapotranspiration over large areas. However, it is not recommended for regions with heterogeneous vegetation cover, mountainous areas, high albedo regions, or high levels of radiation, and in such areas, the TSEB algorithm is recommended. Due to some errors and uncertainties in these surface energy balance models, extensive studies are required to overcome these limitations.

Keywords

Energy Balance; Actual Evapotranspiration; Remote Sensing; Single-Source and Two-Source Models

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