تأثیر مدت زمان تنش غرقاب در مراحل مختلف رشد بر برخی ویژگی‌های فتوسنتزی، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و عملکرد گلرنگ زراعی (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 23، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 78، تیر 1404، صفحه 171-186   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2024.88492.1335

نویسندگان

فاطمه عسکری فروشانی؛ افراسیاب راهنما قهفرخی^* ؛ موسی مسکرباشی؛ ایمان کامرانفر

گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

تنش غرقاب، یک تنش محیطی پیچیده و از عوامل اصلی محدود­کننده بهره‌­وری و پایداری محصول است. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر مدت زمان تنش غرقاب در مرحله رشد رویشی و زایشی روی برخی از ویژگی­‌های فتوسنتزی و فعالیت آنزیم‌­های آنتی­‌اکسیدان گلرنگ زراعی (Carthamus tinctorius L.)، پژوهشی مزرعه‌­ای به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1400-1399 در دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز اجرا شد. سه سطح تنش غرقاب شامل: شاهد، تنش غرقاب ملایم (24 ساعت) و شدید (48 ساعت) در کرت‌های اصلی و تنش در مرحله رویشی و زایشی در کرت‌های فرعی قرار داده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای تنش غرقاب باعث کاهش معنی­‌دار هدایت روزنه‌­ای، سرعت فتوسنتز، شاخص کلروفیل و عملکرد دانه و روغن شد، ولی فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز افزایش یافت. در شرایط تنش غرقاب شدید، فعالیت آنزیم­‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان در مرحله زایشی بیشتر از مرحله رویشی آن (به‌ترتیب 26، 17 و 9 درصد بیشتر) بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه و روغن (به‌ترتیب 2056 و 469 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و کمترین آن در تنش غرقاب شدید (به‌ترتیب 1256 و 317 کیلوگرم در هکتار) حاصل شد. تنش غرقاب ملایم و شدید منجر به کاهش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 34 و 39 درصد و عملکرد روغن به‌میزان 16 و 32 درصد در مقایسه با آبیاری مطلوب شد. منطبق با نتایج فعالیت آنزیم‌­های آنتی‌اکسیدان، بیشترین تأثیر تنش بر عملکرد دانه مربوط به تنش شدید در مرحله زایشی بود، به‌گونه‌­ای که سبب بیش­ترین مقدار کاهش به‌میزان 43 درصد در مقایسه با آبیاری مطلوب شد. به‌طور کلی، تنش غرقاب در مرحله زایشی گلرنگ نسبت به مرحله رویشی منجر به کاهش بیشتر عملکرد شد و این یافته‌­ها بر اهمیت تنش غرقاب بر دانه‌­های روغنی و زهکشی مزارع خوزستان در فصل زمستان جهت حذف آب اضافی پس از وقوع سیل و بارندگی­‌های سنگین تأکید دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شاخص کلروفیل؛ فعالیت پراکسیداز؛ فعالیت کاتالاز؛ هدایت روزنه‌ای

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