بررسی آلیاژهای نایتینول در سیم‌های ارتودنسی: خواص، کاربرد و سازوکار

مهندسی متالورژی و مواد

مقاله 5، دوره 36، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 37، فروردین 1404، صفحه 61-88   

نوع مقاله: علمی و پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jmme.2025.91160.1171

نویسندگان

محمدرضا سیدی گل محله¹؛ سروش پرویزی^{* 2}؛ زهرا علیرضائی²

¹دانشکده مهندسی و علم مواد، دانشگاه‌ صنعتی شریف

²گروه مواد و متالورژی، دانشگاه‌ تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

نایتینول(NiTi)، به دلیل ویژگی‌های منحصربه‌فردی چون حافظه شکلی، مقاومت به خستگی و زیست‌سازگاری بالا، در حوزه‌های پزشکی و مهندسی بسیار مورد استفاده قرار گرفته‌است. از مهم‌ترین کاربردهای این آلیاژ در ساخت سیم‌های ارتودنسی است که به دلیل توانایی اعمال نیروی ثابت و کم‌فشار، موجب بهبود روند درمان و کاهش زمان درمان می‌شود. با این حال، چالش‌های متعددی از جمله آزادسازی یون‌های نیکل و تأثیر آن بر زیست‌سازگاری، کنترل ترکیب شیمیایی و بهینه‌سازی فرآیندهای تولید، همچنان نیازمند بررسی‌های عمیق‌تر هستند. در این پژوهش، تأثیر فرآیندهای تولید از جمله ذوب القایی و متالورژی پودر بر خواص مکانیکی و فازی سیم‌های نایتینول بررسی شده است. همچنین، نقش عملیات حرارتی و پیرسازی بر اصلاح ساختاری و بهبود خاصیت فوق‌الاستیک این آلیاژ تحلیل شده است. بررسی‌های انجام‌شده نشان می‌دهد که با کنترل دقیق ترکیب شیمیایی و جلوگیری از اکسیداسیون تیتانیوم در مراحل تولید، می‌توان خواص عملکردی نایتینول را بهینه‌سازی کرد. علاوه بر این، استفاده از پوشش‌های محافظ مانند Ni-P-NiTi نقش بسزایی در کاهش آزادسازی یون‌های نیکل و افزایش مقاومت به خوردگی این آلیاژ دارد. نتایج حاصل از بررسی نیروی بازگشتی سیم‌های نایتینول نشان می‌دهد که پیرسازی در دمای 400 تا 450 درجه سانتی‌گراد و به مدت کمتر از 60 دقیقه، خاصیت فوق‌الاستیک را بهبود داده و استحکام مکانیکی را افزایش می‌دهد. در نهایت، تأثیر عوامل محیطی مانند pH و دما بر مقاومت به خوردگی این آلیاژ مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و مطابق نتایج اعمال پوشش‌های سطحی می‌تواند نرخ خوردگی را به‌طور قابل‌توجهی کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نایتینول؛ حافظه شکلی؛ خاصیت فوق‌الاستیک؛ زیست‌سازگاری؛ مقاومت به خوردگی؛ عملیات حرارتی؛ پوشش‌دهی

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