ارزیابی تأثیرپذیری عملکرد کاهوی آیسبرگ (Lactuca sativa var. Bruma Rz) از برهم‌کنش بقایای گیاهان پوششی و وجین دستی

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 8، دوره 39، شماره 3، مهر 1404، صفحه 487-471   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2025.90386.1386

نویسندگان

فاطمه احمدنیا¹؛ علی عبادی^{* 1}؛ مسعود هاشمی²

¹گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

²گروه علوم خاک، استاک بریج، دانشگاه ماساچوست، ماساچوست، آمریکا

چکیده

بیشترین کاهش ارزش تجاری و کیفیت محصولات برگی از جمله کاهو (Lactuca sativa L.) ناشی از حضور علف‌های‌هرز در مزارع است. استفاده از نهاده‌های شیمیایی یک روش موفق در مهار علف‌های‌هرز محسوب می‌گردد، امّا خطر تجمع نهاده‌های شیمیایی در بافت‌های گیاهی و کاهش سلامت انسان موجب افزایش استفاده از روش‌های ایمن و سازگار با محیط زیست شده است. گیاهان پوششی یکی از راهبردهای سازگار با محیط زیست برای مهار علف­های­هرز در مزارع هستند. این آزمایش در بهار سال 1398 به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کشت خالص و مخلوط گیاهان پوششی چاودار (Secale cereal L.)، خلر (Lathyrus sativus)، شاهد (بدون کشت گیاهان پوششی) و سطوح وجین دستی علف­های­هرز (یک بار­، دو بار و بدون وجین دستی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین وزن خشک گیاهان پوششی (59/530 گرم در مترمربع) از کشت خالص چاودار حاصل شد. کمترین وزن خشک کل علف‌های‌هرز متعلق به کشت مخلوط گیاهان پوششی با یک بار وجین دستی بود. بیشترین عملکرد کاهوی آیسبرگ (70/3 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) در کشت مخلوط بدون وجین دستی و بیشترین تعداد برگ (55/21 و 44/21)، قطر طوقه (15/4 و 18/4 سانتی‌متر) و قطر تاج (به­ترتیب 12/22 و 65/22 سانتی‌متر) از کشت خالص خلر و کشت مخلوط به ‌دست آمد. نتایج این آزمایش بر تأثیر میزان وزن خشک گیاهان پوششی بر کاهش تعداد دفعات وجین دستی علف­های­هرز و بهبود عملکرد در محصولات برگی تأکید داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تراکم؛ زیست‌توده؛ کارآیی کنترل علف‌های‌هرز؛ کشت مخلوط؛ وزن تر

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