برهم‌کنش تغذیه‌ای بین کفشدوزک Adalia bipunctata و شته Myzus persicae پرورش‌یافته روی تیمارهای مختلف کودهای معدنی، آلی و زیستی

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 39، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 68، تیر 1404، صفحه 153-167   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.2025.92308.1223

نویسندگان

مژگان مردانی طلایی؛ جبرائیل رزمجو^* ؛ قدیر نوری قنبلانی؛ مهدی حسن پور؛ بهرام ناصری

گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

فلفل‌دلمه (Capsicum annuum L.)، یکی از محصولات جالیزی مهم بومی مکزیک و کشورهای آمریکای جنوبی است. یکی از آفات عمده این گیاه شته‌ سبز هلو ((Sulzer) Myzus persicae) با پراکنش جهانی، پلی‌فاژ و چرخه‌ زندگی هولوسیکلیک می­باشد. از دشمنان طبیعی مهم این گونه شته، کفشدوزک دو نقطه­ای (Adalia bipunctata L.) می­باشد. این پژوهش روی گیاه فلفل‌دلمه رقم California Wonder تغذیه‌شده با تیمار مختلف محرک رشد گیاه در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در شرایط گلخانه با دمای 5 ±25 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 10 ±65 درصد و نور طبیعی انجام شد. تأثیر محلول­پاشی سولفات روی بر گیاه فلفل‌دلمه­، افزودن کود آلی ورمی­کمپوست 30 درصد و کودهای زیستی Bacillus subtilis، Pseudomonas fluorescens، Glomus intraradices، G. intraradices × B. subtilis و G. intraradices × P. fluorescens به بستر بذری گیاه فلفل‌دلمه­ای مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. شاخص تغذیه­ای سنین مختلف لاروی و حشره بالغ کفشدوزک شکارگر دو نقطه­ای پرورش­یافته روی شته سبز هلو، در شرایط آزمایشگاهی با دمای 2±25 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5±65 درصد و دوره­ نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و هشت ساعت تاریکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بیشترین شاخص ECI لارو کفشدوزک A. bipunctata در تیمارهای B. subtilis، سولفات روی و P. fluorescens و کمترین مقدار آن در ورمی­کمپوست 30 درصد ثبت شد. مقادیر شاخص ECI بالغ شکارگر به‌طور معنی­داری در تیمارهای B. subtilis و P. fluorescens افزایش و در تیمار ورمی­کمپوست 30 درصد کاهش یافت. بیشترین وزن شفیره در تیمار B. subtilis (98/16 میلی‌گرم) و کمترین مقدار آن در تیمار ورمی‌کمپوست 30 درصد (32/11 میلی‌گرم) مشاهده شد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که تیمار خاک با کودهای زیستی (P. fluorescens و B. subtilis) روی شاخص­های تغذیه­ای کفشدوزک شکارگر تأثیر مثبت و معنی­داری داشت. بنابراین، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده از کودهای زیستی برای تیمار خاک گیاه فلفل‌دلمه‌ای می‌تواند به‌‌عنوان مکملی برای برنامه مهار بیولوژیک شته سبز هلو (M. persicae) مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Bacillus subtilis؛ کود زیستی؛ شاخص‌های تغذیه‌ای؛ Pseudomonas fluorescens؛ سولفات روی

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