ارزیابی کارایی استفاده از آب و نیتروژن در ژنوتیپ‌های جو (Hordeum vulgare) دیم

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 23، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 79، مهر 1404، صفحه 285-301   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2024.89493.1348

نویسنده

ولی فیضی اصل^*

مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران

چکیده

اثرات متقابل آب و نیتروژن در تولید جو (Hordeum vulgare) به اثبات رسیده است. برای ارزیابی این اثرات، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و به‌صورت کرت‌های دو بار خردشده با دو سطح آبیاری تکمیلی (50 میلی‌متر در پاییز و 50 میلی‌متر در پاییز + 30 میلی‌متر در اواخر ساقه رفتن)، پنج سطح نیتروژن (0، 30، 60، 90 و 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و پنج رقم و لاین پیشرفته جو دیم (آرتان، قافلان،  ERBYT(90-93)-22، ERBYT(92-95)-8 و  ERBYT(93-96)-8) در سه تکرار و به‌مدت دو سال زراعی (1402-1400) اجرا شد. عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد، کارآیی استفاده از نیتروژن (NUE) و آب (WUE) و سهم نیتروژن خاک (CSN) در تولید تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که در هر دو سطح آبیاری تکمیلی، بیشترین عملکرد از مصرف 30 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن به دست آمد که با تیمار N0 اختلاف معنی‌داری داشت، امّا با سایر سطوح مصرف نیتروژن در یک کلاس آماری قرار گرفت. اثر متقابل آبیاری تکمیلی در نیتروژن بر عملکرد 1.7 برابر بیشتر از اثر آبیاری تکمیلی و نیتروژن بود. هر دو عامل از طریق افزایش تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح عملکرد را افزایش دادند. با مصرف نیتروژن، کارآیی استفاده از نیتروژن و بهره‌وری جزئی نیتروژن (PFP) به‌صورت نمایی کاهش یافت و بیشترین آن‌ها برای عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب 47 و 104 کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم از تیمار N30 به دست آمد. مصرف نیتروژن باعث افزایش معنی‌دار کارآیی استفاده از آب برای تولید عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک به‌ترتیب 48 و 56 درصد شد. سهم نیتروژن کودی در تولید عملکرد به‌طور میانگین 16.3 درصد بیشتر از سهم نیتروژن خاک بود. در مجموع، تیمار دو مرحله آبیاری تکمیلی (50 میلی‌متر در پاییز + 30 میلی‌متر در اواخر ساقه رفتن) با مصرف 30 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن خالص برترین بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اجزای عملکرد؛ دمای تاج‌پوشش؛ رگرسیون تکه‌ای؛ سهم نیتروژن خاک در تولید؛ عملکرد

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