- Abaszadeh, B., Fanaee, S., & Bakhshi, D. (2024). Foliar application of Silybum marianum Gaertn. with plant growth regulators under different soil moisture conditions. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 40(3), 562-580. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2024.364529.3405
- Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Method of Enzymology, 105, 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
- Ahmad, P., Jamsheed, S., Hameed, A., Rasool, S., Sharma, I., Azooz, M. M., & Hasanuzzaman, M. (2014). Drought stress induced oxidative damage and antioxidants in plants. In Oxidative damage to plants(pp. 345-367). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-799963-0.00011-3
- AL Bakri, A. A. A., & AL-Zubaidy, S. A. A. H. (2023, September). Effect of irrigation periods and brassinolide growth regulator on the growth of maize (Zea mays). In AIP Conference Proceedings, 2845(1), 020010. AIP Publishing LLC. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0157396
- Ansarifard, I., Mostafavi, K., Khosroshahli, M., Bihamta, M., & Ramshini, H. (2020). A study on genotype–environment interaction based on GGE biplot graphical method in sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus). Food Science & Nutrition, 8(7), 3327-3334. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1610
- Arab, R., Yadavi, A., Balouchi, H., & Alahdadii, H. (2023). The effects of iron and zinc foliar application on nutrients absorption improvement, seed yield and water use efficiency of sunflower under drought stress conditions. Journal of Crops Improvement, 25(4), 977-993. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2023.352118.2767
- Ashraf, F., & Siddiqi, E. H. (2024). Mitigation of drought-induced stress in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) via foliar application of Jasmonic acid through the augmentation of growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes. BioMed Central Plant Biology, 24(1), 592. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05273-4
- Balestrini, R., Chitarra, W., Antoniou, C., Ruocco, M., & Fotopoulos, V. (2018). Improvement of plant performance under water deficit with the employment of biological and chemical priming agents. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 156(5), 680-688. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859618000126
- Bartwal, A., & Arora, S. (2020). Brassinosteroids: Molecules with myriad roles. In A. Arora & A. Ramawat (Eds.), Co-evolution of Secondary Metabolites (pp. 869–895). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96397-6_18
- Beauchamp, C., & Fridovich, I. (1971). Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and applicable to acryl amide gels. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 44, 276-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8
- Bogati, K., & Walczak, M. (2022). The impact of drought stress on soil microbial community, enzyme activities and plants. Agronomy, 12(1), 189. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010189
- Chaghakaboodi, Z., Mousavi, S. H., & Kakaei, M. (2024). The effect of 24-epibrasinolide (24-EBL) on physiological and biochemical pathways of lettuce (Lactuca Sativa) under drought stress conditions. Crop Biotechnology, 14(1), 15-28. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.30473/cb.2024.70956.1964
- Chen, X., Hu, X., Jiang, J., & Wang, X. (2024). Functions and mechanisms of brassinosteroids in regulating crop agronomic traits. Plant and Cell Physiology, 65(10), 1568-1580. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcae044
- El-Beltagi, H. S., & El-Metwally, M. M. (2017). Alleviation of drought stress effects on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) by exogenous application of brassinosteroids. Plant Growth Regulation, 83(2), 267-279.
- El-Beltagi, H. S., El-Sherif, A. M., & El-Metwally, M. M. (2019). Role of brassinosteroids in improving yield and oil quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) under salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 88(2), 215-226.
- Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D., & Basra, S. M. A. (2009). Plant drought stress: Effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 29(1), 185-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8_12
- Gao, S., Wang, Y., Yu, S., Huang, Y., Liu, H., Chen, W., & He, X. (2020). Effects of drought stress on growth, physiology and secondary metabolites of two Adonis species in Northeast China. Scientia Horticulturae, 259, 108-795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108795
- Gao, Y., Ma, X., Zhang, Z., Wang, X., & Wang, Y. (2024). Brassinolides signaling pathway: Tandem response to plant hormones and regulation under various abiotic stresses. Horticulture Advances, 2(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44281-024-00050-7
- García-López, J., Lorite, I. J., García-Ruiz, R., & Domínguez, J. (2014). Evaluation of three simulation approaches for assessing yield of rainfed sunflower in a Mediterranean environment for climate change impact modelling. Climatic Change, 124(1), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1067-6
- Ghasemi, M., Jahanbin, S., Latifmanesh, H., Farajee, H., & Mirshekari, A. (2021). Effect of brassinolide foliar application on some physiological and agronomic characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) under drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Production, 14(1), 31-48. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22069/ejcp.2021.18084.2339
- Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Ghassemi, S., & Zehtab-Salmasi, S. (2018). Changes in essential oil-content and composition of ajowan (Carum copticum) seeds in response to growth regulators under water stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 231, 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.12.011
- Gholizadeh, A., Ghaffari, M., Payghamzadeh, K., & Kia, S. (2021). Study on relationships between yield and other agronomic traitsand identification of the superior hybridsin sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Journal of Crop Breeding, 13(37), 171-184. (in Persian with English abstract). http://doi.org/10.52547/jcb.13.37.171
- Hafeez, M. B., Zahra, N., Zahra, K., Raza, A., Batool, A., Shaukat, K., & Khan, S. (2021). Brassinosteroids: Molecular and physiological responses in plant growth and abiotic stresses. Plant Stress, 2, 100029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2021.100029
- Hajiri, K., & Pazoki, A. (2023). Investigating the role of brassinolide in tolerance to lead toxicity on growth and physiological traits of pinto beans. Journal of Crop Production, 16(3), 17-32. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22069/ejcp.2024.20577.2532
- Hamed, M. A., & Abdullah, B. H. (2022). The effect of brassınolıde on the yıeld components, seed and oil yıelds of some sunflower cultıvars. Journal of Plant Production, 13(6), 215-218. https://doi.org/10.21608/JPP.2022.245281
- Hassan, A. M., & Mohamed, H. E. (2019). L-arginine pretreatment enhances drought resistance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) plants by increase in polyamines content. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 38(2), 600-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-018-9873-0
- Hassanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Alam, M. M., Ahmad, S., & Fujita, M. (2015). Exogenous application of phytoprotectants in legumes against environmental stress. In Legumes under environmental stress: Yield, improvement and adaptations. 161–197. Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118917091.ch11
- Hu, W., Lu, Z., Meng, F., Li, X., Cong, R., Ren, T., & Lu, J. (2020). The reduction in leaf area precedes that in photosynthesis under potassium deficiency: the importance of leaf anatomy. New Phytologist, 227(6), 1749-1763. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16644
- Huchzermeyer, B., Menghani, E., Khardia, P., & Shilu, A. (2022). Metabolic pathway of natural antioxidants, antioxidant enzymes and ROS providence. Antioxidants, 11(4), 761. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040761
- Jaleh, D. (2017). Metabolic adjustments, assimilate partitioning, and alterations in source-sink relations in drought-stressed plants. In Photoassimilate distribution in plants and crops: Source-sink relationships. pp. 407–420.
- Johnson, C. M., & Ulrich, A. (1959). Antalytical methods for use in plant analysis. California Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin, 766, 52-78.
- Karami Borzabad, R., Peykarestan, B., & Baghbani-Arani, A. (2022). The effect of stopping irrigation and using superabsorbent on the morphological, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower grains. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 47(13), 32-44. (in Persian with English abstract)
- Köppen, W. (1936). Das Geographische System der Klimate. In W. Koppen, & R. Geiger, eds. Handbuch der Klimatologie, Vol. 1, Part C. Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin.
- Liu, H., Song, S., Zhang, H., Li, Y., Niu, L., Zhang, J., & Wang, W. (2022). Signaling transduction of ABA, ROS, and Ca2+ in plant stomatal closure in response to drought. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(23), 14824. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314824
- MacAdam, J. W., Nelson, C. J., & Sharp, R. E. (1992). Peroxidase activity in the leaf elongation zone of tall fescue: I. Spatial distribution of ionically bound peroxidase activity in genotypes differing in length of the elongation zone. Plant Physiology, 99(3), 872-878. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.99.3.872
- Motiei, M. M., Sirousmehr, A. P., Khammari, I., & Naderi, A. (2023). Investigation of the effect of different irrigation regimes on seed yield, antioxidant enzyme activity and some quantitative traits of sunflower cultivars. Crop Physiology Journal, 14(55), 5-20. (in Persian with English abstract).
- Nasser, S. E. D. M., & Sarhan, I. A. (2023, July). Effect of spraying with brassinolide on yield and its components of sesame cultivars. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science(Vol. 1213, No. 1, p. 012028). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1213/1/012028
- Omidi Nasab, D., Meskarbashee, M., & Rahnama Ghahfarokhi, A. (2024). The effect of deficit irrigation on grain yield and some physiological indicators of sunflower (Helianthus annus) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 22(1), 71-88. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/jcesc.2023.83198.1258
- Omidinasab, D., Meskarbashee, M., & Rahnama Ghahfarokhi, A. (2023). Effect of deficit irrigation on grain yield and quality characteristics of oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annus). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 54(3), 97-108. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijfcs.2023.353827.654972
- Planas-Riverola, A., Gupta, A., Betegón-Putze, I., Bosch, N., Ibañes, M., & Caño-Delgado, A. I. (2019). Brassinosteroid signaling in plant development and adaptation to stress. Development, 146(5), dev151894. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.151894
- Moradi-Ghahderijani, M., Jafarian, S., & Keshavarz, H. (2017). Alleviation of water stress effects and improved oil yield in sunflower by application of soil and foliar amendments. Rhizosphere, 4, 54-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2017.06.002
- Ravi, V., & Indira, P. (1999). Crop physiology of sweetpotato. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 23, 277–338. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470650752.ch6
- Ritchie, S. W., & Nguyen, H. T. (1990). Leaf water content and gas exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Science, 30, 105-111. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183X003000010025x
- Sheikh Mamo, B., Rahnama, A., & Hassibi, P. (2023). Evaluation of biochemical traits and seed yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuss) cultivars in response to terminal heat stress in Ahvaz, Iran. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 25(3), 275-293. (in Persian with English abstract).
- Sirohi, G., & Kapoor, M. (2020). Brassinosteroids in lowering abiotic stress-mediated damages. In M. Hasanuzzaman, K. Nahar, & M. Fujita (Eds.). Protective Chemical Agents in the Amelioration of Plant Abiotic Stress: Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives. pp. 318–326. Wiley. 318-326. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119552154.ch15
- Talaat, N. B., &Shawky, B. T. (2016). Dual application of 24-epibrassinolide and spermine confers drought stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays) by modulating polyamine and protein metabolism. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 35(2), 518-533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-015-9557-y
- Tiwari, R. K., Lal, M. K., Kumar, R., Chourasia, K. N., Naga, K. C., Kumar, D., & Zinta, G. (2021). Mechanistic insights on melatonin‐mediated drought stress mitigation in plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 172(2), 1212-1226. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13307
- Vahdi, N., & GHolinejad, E. (2015). Evaluation of drought tolerance of some soybean cultivars. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 29(1), 1-9. (in Persian with English abstract).
- Vardhini, B. V., & Anjum, N. A. (2015). Brassinosteroids make plant life easier under abiotic stresses mainly by modulating major components of antioxidant defense system. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2, 67. https://doi.org/3389/fenvs.2014.00067
- Woodson, J. D. (2022). Control of chloroplast degradation and cell death in response to stress. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 47(10), 851-864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2022.03.010
- Yaqoob, U., Jan, N., Raman, P. V., Siddique, K. H., & John, R. (2022). Crosstalk between brassinosteroid signaling, ROS signaling and phenylpropanoid pathway during abiotic stress in plants: Does it exist? Plant Stress, 4, 100075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2022.100075
- Yazdandoost Hamedani, M., Ghobadi, M., ghobadi, M. E., Jalali Honarmand, S., & Saeidi, M. (2022). The Effect of foliar application of some chemical compounds on antioxidant enzymes activity and chlorophyll fluorescence of sunflower in different irrigation conditions. Journal of Crops Improvement, 24(1), 1-14. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2021.307719.2432
- Zhou, R., Yu, X., Ottosen, C. O., Rosenqvist, E., Zhao, L., Wang, Y., & Wu, Z. (2017). Drought stress had a predominant effect over heat stress on three tomato cultivars subjected to combined stress. BMC Plant Biology, 17, 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-0974-x
|