بررسی اثرات به‌کارگیری منابع مختلف انرژی بر شاخص‌های محیط زیستی فرآیند تولید روغن خوراکی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 7، دوره 17، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 63، فروردین 1404، صفحه 123-144   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2024.89603.1211

نویسندگان

یاسر رحمتی خورشیدی¹؛ همت اله پیردشتی^{* 2}؛ علی متولی³؛ سیدهاشم صمدی⁴؛ بنیامین خوشنویسان⁵

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

²گروه زراعت، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

³گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

⁴گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

⁵بخش فناوری‌های سبز، دانشگاه دانمارک جنوبی، دانمارک

چکیده

روغن­های خوراکی یکی از مواد غذایی مهم در زنجیره تغذیه انسان­ها بوده و با توجه به افزایش روزافزون جمعیت، نیاز به این ماده غذایی افزایش یافته است. افزایش ظرفیت در زنجیره تولید روغن­های خوراکی در کارخانه­های روغن­کشی، نیازمند مصرف بالای منابع انرژی تجدیدناپذیر بوده و این امر به تولید آلاینده­های بیشتر و اثرات سوء زیست‌محیطی منجر می‌شود. در مطالعه حاضر، اثرات زیست‌محیطی فرآیند تولید روغن از دانه­های کلزا در دو کارخانه بهپاک بهشهر (فرآیند تولید روغن‌کشی) و غنچه ساری (فرآیند تصفیه و بسته‌بندی) در استان مازندران با سناریوهای مختلف تأمین انرژی (استفاده از انرژی­های تجدیدناپذیر، انرژی خورشیدی فتوولتاییک و انرژی تولیدی از پسماندهای کلزا با فناوری گازی­سازی) بررسی شد. فرآیند طراحی سامانه خورشیدی فتوولتاییک برای تأمین انرژی کارخانه­ها در نرم‌افزار Homer و تولید انرژی از پسماندهای کلزا در سامانه­ گازی‌سازی در نرم‌افزار متلب شبیه‌سازی شدند. همچنین داده­های مورد نیاز در این پژوهش با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه و مصاحبه حضوری با مهندسان این دو کارخانه به‌دست آمد. ارزیابی اثرات زیست‌محیطی به‌ازای واحد کارکردی 1000 کیلوگرم روغن کلزا بسته­بندی ‌شده و با استفاده از مدل ReCiPe 2016 موجود در نرم‌افزار سیماپرو (SimaPro) انجام و نتایج ارزیابی در سه گروه آسیب به سلامت انسان، کیفیت بوم‌نظام و منابع ارائه شد. نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان داد که استفاده از پسماندهای کلزا به‌عنوان تأمین 100 درصد انرژی می­تواند منبع قابل‌ اعتمادی برای کارخانه­های روغن‌کشی باشد، امّا در‌ عین ‌حال، منبع انرژی خورشیدی تنها قادر به تأمین حدود 50 درصد (با توجه به شرایط اقلیمی و اقتصادی) از انرژی مورد نیاز کارخانه می‌باشد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین و پایین­ترین اثرات زیست‌محیطی به‌ترتیب در شرایط استفاده از انرژی­های تجدیدناپذیر و به‌کارگیری فناوری گازی‌سازی به‌میزان 29/69 و 45/13 Pt به‌دست آمد. همچنین در هر سه سناریو، تأمین انرژی رده خسارت به سلامتی انسان بالاترین میزان آسیب را در مقایسه با دو رده خسارت دیگر (بوم‌نظام و منابع) به ‌خود اختصاص داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انرژی تجدیدناپذیر؛ روغنکشی؛ فتوولتاییک؛ گازی‌سازی

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