تأثیر گلوتاتیون بر قابلیت استفاده‌ی آهن از منابع مختلف در گیاه بادام‌زمینی در یک خاک آهکی

آب و خاک

مقاله 2، دوره 39، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 100، خرداد و تیر 1404، صفحه 138-121   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2025.90971.1450

نویسندگان

فاطمه بی بی شهابی¹؛ رضا خراسانی^{* 1}؛ زهرا قشلاقی²

¹گروه مهندسی و علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اغلب خاک‌های مناطق کشور آهکی هستند و از مشکلات اصلی آن‌ها، کم‌بود عناصر ریزمغذی مانند آهن به‌دلیل قلیاییت بالاست. این مطالعه جهت بررسی تأثیر منابع مختلف آهن و گلوتاتیون بر جذب و فراهمی آهن و رشد گیاه بادام‌زمینی، در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل با دو فاکتور منابع آهن در چهار سطح (شاهد، سکوسترین آهن، اکسید آهن و براده آهن) در خاک و گلوتاتیون در سه سطح (صفر، 1 و 2 میلی­مولار) به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی، به‌صورت کشت گلدانی در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. نتایج نشان دادند که گلوتاتیون به تنهایی و یا در ترکیب با منابع آهن اثر مثبتی بر رشد اندام هوایی و بهبود جذب آهن داشت. در تیمار سکوسترین آهن، کاربرد گلوتاتیون 1 میلی‌مولار موجب افزایش آهن فعال برگ (11 درصد)، جذب کل آهن در اندام هوایی (20 درصد)، وزن خشک اندام هوایی (8 درصد) و جذب نیتروژن (3/34 درصد) شد و در سطح 2 میلی‌مولار گلوتاتیون، جذب آهن در ریشه و وزن خشک ریشه به‌ترتیب 9/37 و 4/34 درصد افزایش یافت. در تیمار براده آهن، گلوتاتیون 1 میلی‌مولار باعث افزایش آهن فعال برگ (6/50 درصد) و جذب نیتروژن (5 درصد) گردید، در حالی‌که در سطح 2 میلی‌مولار محلول­پاشی گلوتاتیون، جذب آهن در ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه و وزن خشک اندام هوایی به‌ترتیب 6/55، 4/39 و 5/12 درصد افزایش نشان داد. هم‌چنین، نسبت آهن فعال به کل در اندام هوایی در این سطح تا 4/38 درصد نسبت به تیمار براده آهن بدون گلوتاتیون بهبود یافت. این نتایج نشان می‌دهد که گلوتاتیون با بهبود فراهمی آهن در خاک آهکی و افزایش انتقال درون‌گیاهی آن، می‌تواند کارایی کودهای آهن، به‌ویژه منابع معدنی مانند براده آهن را افزایش دهد. بنابراین، کاربرد هم‌زمان گلوتاتیون با منابع مناسب آهن، به‌ویژه در شرایط قلیایی خاک، راه‌کاری مؤثر برای کاهش کلروز آهن و بهبود تغذیه گیاهان حساس از جمله بادام‌زمینی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اکسید آهن؛ سکوسترین آهن؛ گلوتاتیون

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